雅思聽力選擇題的出題原則

雅思聽力選擇題的出題原則，很多同學(xué)對(duì)于這個(gè)問題有疑問和不解，那么下面就跟著中國教育在線的小編詳細(xì)了解一下吧。

把握出題思路一：特點(diǎn)分析

為了考查考生的聽力理解能力， 雅思聽力選擇題采用了兩大方法：Indirect Information(間接信息)與Trap(干擾項(xiàng))。

間接信息指的是：錄音中聽到的內(nèi)容與正確選項(xiàng)中的內(nèi)容貌離神合，經(jīng)常是文字不一致，但意思一致。

干擾項(xiàng)指的是：錄音中聽到的內(nèi)容與若干錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)中的內(nèi)容貌合神離，往往是文字一致，但意思風(fēng)馬牛。

例1: Cambridge 4 Test 4 Section 2 Question 13

The walks offered by Travellite

A.cater for a range of walking abilities.

B. are planned by guides from the local area.

C.are for people with good fitness levels.

錄音：Each day we offer three separate walks catering for all skills and fitness levels.

解析：干擾項(xiàng)為C選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中的fitness levels是干擾的重點(diǎn)，與錄音原文文字一致，但起限定作用的形容詞good與錄音原文中all含義不一致，所以C是錯(cuò)選。

正確選項(xiàng)為A選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中的walking abilities指的就是錄音原文中的fitness levels, 而a range of指的就是錄音原文中的all, 因此A是正確選項(xiàng).

例2: Cambridge 5 Test 2 Section 2 Question 18-20

Which THREE things can the general public do to help the charity Pedal Power?

A. organize a bicycle collection

B. repair the donated bikes

C. donate their unwanted tools

D. do voluntary work in its office

E. hold an event to raise money

F. identify areas that need bikes

G. write to the government

錄音：Also, you could help by contacting the voluntary staff at our offices. Theyll be able to suggest activities you could organize to bring in funds for us.

解析：這個(gè)多選題的D選項(xiàng)是一個(gè)極其容易錯(cuò)選的干擾項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)與錄音中都有voluntary, 但意思并不一致，選項(xiàng)講的是做志愿者工作，錄音講的是聯(lián)系機(jī)構(gòu)中的志愿者。相反，E選項(xiàng)雖然沒有一樣的文字，但意思完全對(duì)應(yīng)，選項(xiàng)中的event和money分別就是錄音里的activities和funds, 所以是正確選項(xiàng)。

因此得出一個(gè)結(jié)論：雅思聽力中的正確選項(xiàng)往往不像，干擾項(xiàng)往往很像;

提出一點(diǎn)建議：Do not judge a choice by its look.

和分享一個(gè)體會(huì)：雅思聽力選擇題的出題思路生動(dòng)的再現(xiàn)了經(jīng)典的英國國民性格即：含蓄或拐彎抹角。

必須特別注意的是，絕大部分選擇題在解題過程中都要做到的必不可少的一步是：Paraphrase(同意轉(zhuǎn)換);如all-a range of, fitness levels-walking abilities, activities-event, funds-money。

這是由于聽力的根本考點(diǎn)是Listening Comprehension, 于是也就有了選擇題型Indirect Information和Trap的特點(diǎn)，最后也就決定了要做好選擇題型一定要做好Paraphrase; 聽力中Paraphrase做的好不好，直接決定了一次考試的成敗。

把握出題思路二：針對(duì)方案 (以Paraphrase為核心的解題方法)

讀題，解題的基礎(chǔ)是讀題，讀好題相當(dāng)于解了一半的題。讀題的重點(diǎn)在于找好Keywords(關(guān)鍵詞)。找關(guān)鍵詞是為聽題鋪墊，可以讓我們了解題目的內(nèi)容，明確聽題的側(cè)重點(diǎn)。

例4: Cambridge 5 Test 3 Section 2 Question 17

What does the speaker say about university accommodation on campus?

A. Most places are given to undergraduates.

B. No places are available for postgraduates with families.

C. A limited number of places are available for new postgraduates.

讀題：題目中找到關(guān)鍵詞accommodation on campus.

選項(xiàng)中ABC中的undergraduates, postgraduates with families和new postgraduates分別是三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的名詞主體，可以幫助區(qū)分選項(xiàng);另外，most, no和limited分別是對(duì)三個(gè)名詞主體進(jìn)行限定的形容詞，可以成為選項(xiàng)對(duì)錯(cuò)判斷的依據(jù)。

錄音：One or two of you touched on the subject of accommodation earlier, so Ill just add a few point. It is the universitys policy to give priority in the allocation of residence places to three categories, and those are, visiting students, exchange students and new postgraduate students. However, demand exceeds supply, so theres still a need to put your name down early for campus accommodation, particularly, if your family is accompanying you.

解析：最初出現(xiàn)的accommodation幫助定位。

隨后，new postgraduate students引導(dǎo)視線到C選項(xiàng)，在聽到demand exceeds supply并進(jìn)行同意轉(zhuǎn)換后，確定C是正確答案(供不應(yīng)求就是limited的意思)。

后面，出現(xiàn)干擾內(nèi)容：if your family is accompanying you, 調(diào)整視線到B選項(xiàng)，但根據(jù)選項(xiàng)中的形容詞no可以判斷B的內(nèi)容與錄音不符(錄音中強(qiáng)調(diào)的是有家庭成員陪同位置就更有限，B選項(xiàng)說的是有陪同就沒位置)，

因此B是一個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)。至此，很明晰的一點(diǎn)是：對(duì)于雅思聽力，讀題，或者更正確的說是有針對(duì)性的讀題，非常的重要!所有的努力，所有的準(zhǔn)備工作，都是為了在聽題時(shí)能更有效的進(jìn)行同意轉(zhuǎn)換，找到正確答案。

如果說聽題是戰(zhàn)場殺敵，讀題就是戰(zhàn)前偵查，偵查到位，知己知彼，偵查不到位，死都不知道怎么死的。

讀題做到位了，聽題也就自然而然了。步驟如下：

1. Locating: locate where the question is.

2. Judging: judge whether every choice is right or wrong.

簡單的說就是：定位-判斷，兩步走。

同時(shí)，在判斷當(dāng)中一定要牢記前面說過的兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)：Indirect answer和Trap.

(推薦劍橋練習(xí)：劍三P12, 劍四P36, 劍五P33, 81, 83

把握出題思路三：選擇題型中的預(yù)測

Prediction(預(yù)測)是雅思聽力兩個(gè)基本解題方法中的一個(gè)(另一個(gè)就是關(guān)鍵詞)，主要運(yùn)用于填空題型，但在選擇題型中偶爾可以運(yùn)用。

填空題型的預(yù)測主要在于觀察選項(xiàng)組合，有一種組合是非常容易預(yù)測的，即干擾性組合：三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有兩個(gè)有明顯的互相干擾作用，則另一個(gè)選項(xiàng)可以暫時(shí)排除。

例5: Cambridge 5 Test 3 Section 2 Question 20

With regard to their English, the speaker advises that students to

A. tell their lecturers if they have problems understanding.

B. have private English lessons when they arrive

C. practice their spoken English before they arrive.

預(yù)測：BC選項(xiàng)存在明顯互相干擾作用，一個(gè)是到英國后加強(qiáng)英語 ，一個(gè)是來英國前加強(qiáng)英語 ;關(guān)鍵詞分別劃在when和before, 來進(jìn)行區(qū)分，同時(shí)可以先排除A。

錄音：One or two of you ask earlier about your level of spoken English, obviously most of you have already achieved a lot, I wish I could speak your language half as well. Having said that though, Im afraid the lecturers will make little or no allowance for the presence of non-native speakers in the audience, so anything you can do to improve your spoken English, even beyond the pretty high level most of you have already reached will make your stay with us that bit more fun for you. Some extra practice before you arrive is worth more than, for example, private lessons afterwards when you wont really have time.

解析：通過最后一句Some extra practice before you arrive is worth more than, for example, private lessons afterwards 可判斷正確答案為C, 錄音通篇未提A, 這是因?yàn)檫@樣的選項(xiàng)組合，出題意圖就在于用BC來進(jìn)行干擾，如果答案用A則不能利用到BC的干擾作用，無法達(dá)到出題目的。

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