雅思考試閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)真題及解析ThomasYoung
2024-07-13 16:28:21 來(lái)源：中國(guó)教育在線
雅思考試閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)真題及解析,Thomas Young，關(guān)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案，你想知道嗎？下面中國(guó)教育在線小編就來(lái)為各位小伙伴解答分享一下，想要了解的話，那就話不多說(shuō)，趕緊往下看。
Thomas Young
The Last True Know-It-All
A Thomas Young (1773-1829) contributed 63 articles to the EncyclopediaBritannica, including 46 biographical entries (mostly on scientists andclassicists) and substantial essays on Bridge, Chromatics, Egypt,Languages and Tides. Was someone who could write authoritatively about somany subjects a polymath, a genius or a dilettante? In an ambitious newbiography, Andrew Robinson argues that Young is a good contender for the epitaphthe last man who knew everything. Young has competition, however: The phrase,which Robinson takes for his title, also serves as the subtitle of two otherrecent biographies: Leonard Warren's 1998 life of paleontologist Joseph Leidy(1823-1891) and Paula Findlen's 2004 book on Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680),another polymath.
B Young, of course, did more than write encyclopedia entries. He presentedhis first paper to the Royal Society of London at the age of 20 and was electeda Fellow a week after his 21st birthday. In the paper, Young explained theprocess of accommodation in the human eye on how the eye focuses properly onobjects at varying distances. Young hypothesized that this was achieved bychanges in the shape of the lens. Young also theorized that light traveled inwaves and he believed that, to account for the ability to see in color, theremust be three receptors in the eye corresponding to the three principal colorsto which the retina could respond: red, green, violet. All these hypothesis weresubsequently proved to be correct.
C Later in his life, when he was in his forties, Young was instrumental incracking the code that unlocked the unknown script on the Rosetta Stone, atablet that was found in Egypt by the Napoleonic army in 1799. The stonecontains text in three alphabets: Greek, something unrecognizable and Egyptianhieroglyphs. The unrecognizable script is now known as demotic and, as Youngdeduced, is related directly to hieroglyphic. His initial work on this appearedin his Britannica entry on Egypt. In another entry, he coined the termIndo-European to describe the family of languages spoken throughout most ofEurope and northern India. These are the landmark achievements of a man who wasa child prodigy and who, unlike many remarkable children, did not disappear intooblivion as an adult.
D Born in 1773 in Somerset in England, Young lived from an early age withhis maternal grandfather, eventually leaving to attend boarding school. Hehaddevoured books from the age of two, and through his own initiative heexcelled at Latin, Greek, mathematics and natural philosophy. After leavingschool, he was greatly encouraged by his mother's uncle, Richard Brocklesby, aphysician and Fellow of the Royal Society. Following Brocklesby's lead, Youngdecided to pursue a career in medicine. He studied in London, following themedical circuit, and then moved on to more formal education in Edinburgh,Gottingen and Cambridge. After completing his medical training at the Universityof Cambridge in 1808, Young set up practice as a physician in London. He soonbecame a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and a few years later wasappointed physician at St. George's Hospital.
E Young's skill as a physician, however, did not equal his skill as ascholar of natural philosophy or linguistics. Earlier, in 1801, he had beenappointed to a professorship of natural philosophy at the Royal Institution,where he delivered as many as 60 lectures in a year. These were published in twovolumes in 1807. In 1804 Young had become secretary to the Royal Society, a posthe would hold until his death. His opinions were sought on civic and nationalmatters, such as the introduction of gas lighting to London and methods of shipconstruction. From 1819 he was superintendent of the Nautical Almanac andsecretary to the Board of Longitude. From 1824 to 1829 he was physician to andinspector of calculations for the Palladian Insurance Company. Between 1816 and1825 he contributed his many and various entries to the Encyclopedia Britannica,and throughout his career he authored numerous books, essays and papers.
F Young is a perfect subject for a biography - perfect, but daunting. Fewmen contributed so much to so many technical fields. Robinson's aim is tointroduce non-scientists to Young's work and life. He succeeds, providing clearexpositions of the technical material (especially that on optics and Egyptianhieroglyphs). Some readers of this book will, like Robinson, find Young'saccomplishments impressive; others will see him as some historians have - as adilettante. Yet despite the rich material presented in this book, readers willnot end up knowing Young personally. We catch glimpses of a playful Young,doodling Greek and Latin phrases in his notes on medical lectures andtranslating the verses that a young lady had written on the walls of asummerhouse into Greek elegiacs. Young was introduced into elite society,attended the theatre and learned to dance and play the flute. In addition, hewas an accomplished horseman. However, his personal life looks pale next to hisvibrant career and studies.
G Young married Eliza Maxwell in 1804, and according to Robinson, theirmarriage was a happy one and she appreciated his work. Almost all we know abouther is that she sustained her husband through some rancorous disputes aboutoptics and that she worried about money when his medical career was slow to takeoff. Very little evidence survives about the complexities of Young'srelationships with his mother and father. Robinson does not credit them, oranyone else, with shaping Young's extraordinary mind. Despite the lack ofdetails concerning Young's relationships, however, anyone interested in what itmeans to be a genius should read this book.
Questions 1-7
Do the following statements agree with the information given in ReadingPassage 1?
In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement is true
FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage
1 The last man who knew everything has also been claimed to otherpeople.
2 All Youngs articles were published in Encyclopedia Britannica.
3 Like others, Young wasn't so brilliant when grew up.
4 Young's talents as a doctor are surpassing his other skills.
5 Young's advice was sought by people responsible for local and nationalissues.
6 Young was interested in various social pastimes.
7 Young suffered from a disease in his later years.
Questions 8-13
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for eachanswer.
8 How many life stories did Young write for Encyclopedia Britannica?
9 What aspect of scientific research did Young do in his first academicpaper?
10 What name did Young introduce to refer to a group of languages?
11 Who inspired Young to start the medical studies?
12 Where did Young get a teaching position?
13 What contribution did Young make to London?
文章題目：
Thomas YoungThe Last True Know-it All
托馬斯楊最后一個(gè)無(wú)所不知的人
篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
體裁 | 人物傳記 |
題目 | 托馬斯楊最后一個(gè)無(wú)所不知的人 |
結(jié)構(gòu) | A段：托馬斯楊對(duì)百科全書的主要成就 B段：托馬斯年輕時(shí)的主要成就 C段：托馬斯晚年的主要成就 D段：托馬斯童年的生活背景及成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)歷 E段：托馬斯作為自然哲學(xué)學(xué)者取得的成就 F段：托馬斯在其他領(lǐng)域的成就 G段：托馬斯的感情生活 |
試題分析
Question 1-7
題目類型：True / false /not given
題號(hào) | 定位詞 | 文中對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn) | 題目解析 |
1 | Other people | A段第四句 | Young has competition, however: The phrase, which Robinson takes for histitle, also serves as the subtitle of two other recent biographies: LeonardWarren's 1998 life of paleontologist Joseph Leidy (1823-1891) and PaulaFindlen's 2004 book on Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680), anotherpolymath.該句中明確給出了Young還有其他的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者，他們的傳記中也同樣擁有這樣的小標(biāo)題，分別是Leonard Warren寫的關(guān)于Joseph Leidy的傳記，以及Paula Findlen's寫的關(guān)于Athanasius Kircher的傳記。 因此，本題答案為True |
2 | all, articles | B段第一、二句 | B段第一句Young, of course, did more thanwrite encyclopedia entries.明確表示Young所做的遠(yuǎn)不僅僅是編輯大英百科全書的詞條，因此并不是所有的都在百科全書。而在本段第二句中，作者指出，Young在20歲的時(shí)候?qū)⒆约旱牡谝黄撐淖运]給倫敦皇家學(xué)會(huì)，并在一年后成為該學(xué)會(huì)的會(huì)員：He presented his first paper tothe Royal Society of London at the age of 20 and was elected a Fellow a weekafter his 21st birthday。Paper與article為近意思。顯然，題干與原文含義相反。 因此，本題答案為False |
3 | like | C段最后一句 | C段整體是在介紹Young晚年的主要成就，即Young長(zhǎng)大后的成就。此外，在C段最后一句中，作者明確指出Young和其他的孩子不同的一點(diǎn)在于，Young并沒(méi)有像其他那些年少成名而后來(lái)江郎才盡的孩子一樣，他后來(lái)同樣取得了非凡的成就：These are the landmarkachievements of a man who was a child prodigy and who, unlike many remarkablechildren, did not disappear into oblivion as an adult.句中的unlike為like的反義詞，顯然題干與原文含義相反。 因此，本題答案為False |
4 | surpassing | D段第四、七句 | D段介紹了Young的成長(zhǎng)背景和經(jīng)歷，同時(shí)體現(xiàn)出其涉獵范圍較為廣泛。其中第四句中提到Y(jié)oung決定學(xué)醫(yī)，并且在后面的介紹中指出Young還參加戲劇演出，學(xué)習(xí)跳舞和吹笛子：He then broke with his Quakerupbringing by attending the theater and learning to dance and play the flute. Inaddition, he was an accomplished horseman.而在第七句中作者指出Young還是一名杰出的馬術(shù)師。但是并未指出Young在哪個(gè)方面的造詣更高，更有天賦。Surpassing這個(gè)概念并沒(méi)有在文中體現(xiàn)。 因此，本題答案為Not Given |
5 | sought | E段第四句 | His opinions were sought on civic and national matters，文中表明Young的很多觀點(diǎn)關(guān)注人民和國(guó)家事務(wù)。題干與原文含義相同。 因此，本題答案為True |
6 | Interested in, social pastime | F段第七句 | We catch glimpses of a playful Young, doodling Greek and Latin phrases inhis notes on medical lectures and translating the verses that a young lady hadwritten on the walls of a summerhouse into Greek elegiacs.文中指出，通過(guò)Young的醫(yī)學(xué)演講中亂寫的希臘字母和拉丁短語(yǔ)以及將一位年輕女性寫在涼亭上的詩(shī)歌翻譯成希臘挽歌便能看出他的幽默。顯然，Young對(duì)于這樣的社交娛樂(lè)是感興趣的。題干和原文相符合。 因此，本題答案為True |
7 | disease, later years | C段第一句，G段第一句 | C段第一句給出了later in his life,但是本段近講述了Young晚年在學(xué)術(shù)方面的成就；G段給出了Young的婚后生活，以及Robinson在書中并未提及Young與父母間的關(guān)系。但無(wú)論哪一個(gè)點(diǎn)都沒(méi)有提及其晚年飽受某種疾病之苦。 因此，本題答案為Not Given |
題目類型：Short-answer question
8 | life stories | A段第一句 | Thomas Young (1773-1829) contributed 63 articles to theEncyclopediaBritannica,including 46biographical entries (mostly on scientists and classicists)該劇中的biographical entries指?jìng)饔浽~條，與題干中的life stories表示相同涵義。 因此，本題答案為46 |
9 | first academic paper | B段第三句 | In the paper, on how the eye focuses properly on objects at varyingdistances, Young hypothesized that deformation of the crystalline lensaccomplished the accommodation.B段段首表明，Young將自己的第一篇論文自薦給了倫敦皇家學(xué)會(huì)學(xué)會(huì)。因此本段討論的是其第一篇論文。而本段第三句指出，在這篇論文中，Young主要討論了人類眼球的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制 因此，本題答案為humaneye或human eye accommodation |
10 | a group of languages | C段第五句 | In another entry, he coined the term Indo-European to describe the familyof languages spoken throughout most of Europe and northern India.該句指出，Young創(chuàng)造了術(shù)語(yǔ)Indo-European來(lái)描述在歐洲大部分地區(qū)以及北印度使用的語(yǔ)言。 因此，本題答案為Indo-European |
11 | inspire, medical studies | D段第四句 | D段前面介紹了Young童年時(shí)期的生活背景。本段第四句中則指出：Following Brocklesby's lead, Young decided to pursue a career inmedicine.。顯然，正是因?yàn)镽ichard Brocklesby的引導(dǎo)，Young才決定在醫(yī)學(xué)方面有所建樹。 因此，本題答案為RichardBrocklesby |
12 | teaching position | E段第二句 | Earlier, in 1801, he had been appointed to a professorship of naturalphilosophy at the Royal Institution，題干中的teaching position與E段第二句中的professorship均表示教師職位，該句明確指出，Young作為自然哲學(xué)的教授，受聘于英國(guó)科學(xué)研究所。 因此，本題答案為RoyalInstitution |
13 | London | E段第五句 | His opinions were sought on civic and national matters, such as theintroduction of gas lighting to London and methods of shipconstruction.E段主要介紹了Young作為自然哲學(xué)學(xué)者取得的成就。而第五句則列舉了Young的兩個(gè)成就，其對(duì)于倫敦的所做出的成就在于煤氣照明的引入。 因此，本題答案為gas lighting |
A | 我們?cè)撛鯓永斫馔旭R斯楊（1773-1829）？他是《大不列顛百科全書》中63篇文章的作者，其中包括46篇傳記（大部分都是關(guān)于科學(xué)家和古典學(xué)者），和大量關(guān)于橋 色彩論 埃及 語(yǔ)吉 潮汐等的論文。一個(gè)能夠?qū)懗鲞@樣多有權(quán)威性文章的人應(yīng)該算是一個(gè)博學(xué)者？一個(gè)天才？還是一個(gè)業(yè)余興趣廣泛的人呢？在一篇關(guān)于他的比較激進(jìn)的傳記中，Andrew Robinson認(rèn)為托馬斯楊是-位強(qiáng)有力的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者能夠配得這樣的墓志銘是最后一個(gè)知道任何事的人。但是楊也要面對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)：因?yàn)檫@樣的傳記標(biāo)題Robinson不僅給了他，也作為副標(biāo)題給了有關(guān)另兩位學(xué)者的傳記：Lenard Warren 1998年著的《古生物學(xué)家Joseph Leipy的一生》（1823-1891）以及Paula Findlen 2004年著的關(guān)于另一位博學(xué)者Athanasius Kircher(1602-1680)的傳記。 |
B | 當(dāng)然楊的貢獻(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)不止寫了很多百科全書上的文章，他在20歲的時(shí)候?qū)⒆约旱牡谝黄撐淖运]給倫敦皇家學(xué)會(huì),并在他的21歲生日后被評(píng)為一周科學(xué)人物，楊在該篇論文中解釋了人類眼睛的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制一一關(guān)于眼睛如何通過(guò)不同的距離聚焦在物體上。在后面的文章中，他更加全面地探討了這個(gè)問(wèn)題，類似牛頓，他在自己身上進(jìn)行了可怕的實(shí)驗(yàn)用以獲得相關(guān)的證據(jù)，他還得出這樣的理論：光是通過(guò)以太分子的振動(dòng)，以波的形式進(jìn)行傳遞的，而以太是一種假想物質(zhì)，其存在還存在爭(zhēng)議性。他還認(rèn)為為了能看見顏色，必須要有3個(gè)感應(yīng)器對(duì)三原色進(jìn)行感應(yīng)，而這三種視網(wǎng)膜對(duì)其產(chǎn)生感應(yīng)的顏色就是紅，黃，藍(lán)二種顏色。 |
C | 在他人生的晚些時(shí)候，也就是40多歲的時(shí)候，楊試圖破解鎖在羅塞塔石碑里的未知文字密碼，這個(gè)石碑是在1799年在埃及被拿破侖的軍隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)的，并且從1802年起就在英國(guó)博物館進(jìn)行展出。該石碑上包含了3種不同的字母：希臘語(yǔ)，不可辨識(shí)的文字以及埃及的象形文字。這種不可辨識(shí)的文字現(xiàn)在被認(rèn)為是正如楊所推斷的是很普通的，是和象形文字直接相關(guān)的。他最初有關(guān)這方面的工作首次出現(xiàn)在他在《大不列顛百科全書》中編纂的詞條。在另一個(gè)條目中，他創(chuàng)造了術(shù)語(yǔ)Indo-European來(lái)描述在歐洲大部分地區(qū)以及北印度使用的語(yǔ)言。這些都是這是這位從小就展露科學(xué)天賦并且不像很多孩子后來(lái)江郎才盡的科學(xué)家獲得的里程碑式的成就。 |
D | 托馬斯楊出生在英國(guó)薩默塞特郡一個(gè)虔誠(chéng)的教友會(huì)教徒家庭，從小和他的外公一起長(zhǎng)大，最后去了寄宿學(xué)校。他兩歲的時(shí)候就博覽群書，并且自學(xué)熟練掌握了拉丁語(yǔ)，希臘語(yǔ)，數(shù)學(xué)以及哲學(xué)，在很大程度上他受到了舅舅RichardBrocklesby的鼓勵(lì)，他的舅舅也是英國(guó)皇家學(xué)會(huì)的一位內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。在Brocklesby的引導(dǎo)下，楊決定要在醫(yī)學(xué)方而有所建樹，他曾先后在倫敦大學(xué)、愛(ài)丁堡大學(xué)和格丁根大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)醫(yī)學(xué)，多虧了Brocklesby的引薦，楊進(jìn)入了英國(guó)皇家學(xué)會(huì)，他最后也打破了從小在教友會(huì)的教育，他參加戲劇演出，學(xué)習(xí)跳舞和吹笛子，此外，他還是一位杰出的馬術(shù)師。在1808年結(jié)束在劍橋大學(xué)的醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)后，楊在倫敦開了一家診所，很快他就成為皇家內(nèi)科醫(yī)生學(xué)會(huì)的一員，并且?guī)啄旰蟪蔀槭讨吾t(yī)院的一名內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。 |
E | 楊作為內(nèi)科醫(yī)生的醫(yī)術(shù)卻趕不上他作為自然哲學(xué)學(xué)者或是語(yǔ)言學(xué)家取得的成就，早在1801年，他已經(jīng)被任命為英國(guó)皇家學(xué)會(huì)的教授，他每年要在那里舉辦60場(chǎng)的講座。這些講座在1807年以兩本書的形式進(jìn)行出版。1804年楊就已經(jīng)成為英國(guó)朵家學(xué)會(huì)的秘書，而他獲此殊榮直至去世。他的很多觀點(diǎn)關(guān)注人民和國(guó)家事務(wù)，比如說(shuō)在倫敦引進(jìn)煤氣照明和造船方法。從1819年起，他就是航海天文年歷的主要負(fù)責(zé)人，也是Board of Longitude的秘書。從1824年到1829年，他擔(dān)任Palladian保險(xiǎn)公司的精算師和內(nèi)科醫(yī)生。在1816年和1825年間，他為《大不列顛百科全書》編纂了許多詞條，而且窮其一生著作，論文無(wú)數(shù)。 |
F | 我們通過(guò)楊在醫(yī)學(xué)課上胡亂寫的希臘字母和拉丁文短語(yǔ)以及他將一位年輕的女士寫在避暑山莊墻上的詩(shī)句翻譯成挽歌可以看出他的幽默，但是他的個(gè)人生活也因?yàn)樽约簩?duì)工作和研究的全情投入而略顯蒼白。 |
G | 他在1804年和Eliza Maxwell結(jié)婚，據(jù)Robinson所述他們的婚姻是幸福的，因?yàn)樗姆蛉诵蕾p他的工作。我們對(duì)于他夫人的了解僅限于她在她丈夫備受一些關(guān)于眼睛的理論方面爭(zhēng)議的時(shí)候總是堅(jiān)定地支持他，并且當(dāng)他的醫(yī)學(xué)生涯開始慢慢起飛的時(shí)候，她開始有些擔(dān)心錢的問(wèn)題。值得一提的是，楊沒(méi)有被保護(hù)的人，他都是和自己的導(dǎo)師進(jìn)行互動(dòng)一一先是他的外公，后是Brocklesby一一還有先于他過(guò)失的一些偉人（其中很多是很著名的如牛頓，楊最早在17歲讀了他寫的書）。但是關(guān)于楊和他母親以及父親的關(guān)系的記述卻鮮力人知，Robinson在說(shuō)到楊的非凡的頭腦時(shí)也并沒(méi)有將其歸功于他的父母，或許很難有這樣的巧合：過(guò)去的天才都是由于卓越的父母教育造就的。 |
參考答案：
Version 21202主題托馬斯楊 | |||||
1 | TRUE | 2 | FALSE | 3 | FALSE |
4 | NOT GIVEN | 5 | TRUE | 6 | TRUE |
7 | NOT GIVEN | 8 | 46 | 9 | humaneye/ human eye accommodation |
10 | Indo-European | 11 | Richard Brocklesby | 12 | Royal Institution |
13 | gas lighting | ||||
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