雅思精讀丨衛(wèi)報觀點暴跌的英國經(jīng)濟
2024-07-12 09:31:42 來源:中國教育在線
雅思精讀丨衛(wèi)報觀點:暴跌的英國經(jīng)濟,關(guān)于這個問題的答案,你想知道嗎?下面中國教育在線小編就來為各位小伙伴解答分享一下,想要了解的話,那就話不多說,趕緊往下看。
To grasp how low are the expectations for the economy, consider this: on Wednesday it was announced that the UKs national output had just had its biggest drop since the great crash of 2008and the immediate response of many analysts was surprise that it hadnt fallen further. Even so, the statistics make grim reading. Over the first three months of this year, GDP shrank 2% on the previous quarter. The economy was already slowing in February, and then came the UKs first coronavirus deaths. In March alone, GDP plunged nearly 6%the greatestcontraction since records began in 1997. Amazingly, most of that would have happened over just the last week of the month, the first full week of the governments lockdown. The impact was drastic: travel agent demand collapsed, car plants shut and exports fell off a cliff.
要明白我們對經(jīng)濟的期望值有多低,請想想以下幾點:周三所宣布英國的國民生產(chǎn)總值跌幅是自2008年金融危機以來的最大的,而許多分析師的即時反應(yīng)卻是對生產(chǎn)總值沒有進一步的下跌而驚訝。即便如此,數(shù)據(jù)仍然是嚴峻的。在今年的前三個月中,GDP比上一季度下降了2%。2月份經(jīng)濟已經(jīng)開始放緩,接著是英國首例冠狀病毒死亡病例。僅在三月份,國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值就暴跌了近6%,這是自1997年有記錄以來的最大收縮。令人驚訝的是,其中大部分都發(fā)生在當月的最后一周,即政府開始隔離措施的第一周。其造成的影響是巨大的:旅行社的業(yè)務(wù)需求量暴跌,汽車制造廠關(guān)閉,出口量出現(xiàn)斷崖式下跌。
grasp /grɑ?sp/ 這是一個很常見的小詞,表示抓緊;抓牢( to take a firm hold of sb/sth ),相當于grip,例如she grasped the bottle.她緊抓住瓶子。不過,以這個意思放在原文理解明顯是不妥的,這里就要講一講它衍生出來的另一個含義領(lǐng)會;領(lǐng)悟;明白(to understand sth completely )。用手來抓牢其實就是生理上地(physically)地抓住某物,而用思維(mentally)來抓住某物,不正是領(lǐng)悟,領(lǐng)會么?所以可以看出英語單詞在出現(xiàn)一詞多義的時,往往是有互相聯(lián)系的,通過一個核心意義來聯(lián)想記住另一個意義就簡單很多了。所以看回原文的句子To grasp how low are the expectations for the economy,則可以理解為想要明白(我們)對經(jīng)濟(發(fā)展)的預期是多么的低
當grasp在作為名詞時,它也可以從抓牢衍生出控制,掌握之意,例如:Dont let the situation escape from your grasp. 別讓局面失去控制。【一詞多義】
great crash of 2008 指2008年全球金融危機,crash在這里指暴跌,在金融類文章中往往用來指股票的暴跌,經(jīng)濟的下跌,崩潰。例如the stock market crash
make grim reading statistic/st?t?st?k/指統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù),make grim reading則 相當于make sth. read grim(讓.......讀起來是令人沮喪的)。所以整句可以譯為(經(jīng)濟)數(shù)據(jù)讀起來是令人沮喪的,也就是指經(jīng)濟數(shù)據(jù)十分慘淡。這一表達可以積累起來用于寫作中,用來從側(cè)面描寫經(jīng)濟的低迷,能讓文章增色不少。我還想到了這個句子:The balance sheet make grim reading. 資產(chǎn)負債表讀起來令人沮喪。其實就是側(cè)面寫出公司的經(jīng)營不佳。
shrank plunged contraction 文中連用三個意思都為下跌,收縮的替換詞,它們的原型為:shrink/?r??k/ ,plunge/pl?nd?/ ,contract /k?n?trkt/。在寫作中活用替換詞可以令文章讀起來沒有那么枯燥。
drastic/?drɑ?s?/ 義為極端的;急劇的(extreme in a way that has a sudden, serious or violent effect on sth),也就是程度上劇烈的變化,例如drastic measures/changes極端的措施;劇烈的變化。同義詞:sharp, dramatic, extreme等。
travel agent/?trvl/ /?e?d??nt/ 旅行社,也可以用?travel agency.
collapse/k??lps/ 非常常見的一個詞,表示崩潰,倒塌(to fall down or fall in suddenly, often after breaking apart ),在這里與demand搭配,則可理解為:需求量的暴跌。與上文的shrink,plunge等可做作同義替換。
fell off a cliff 又是一個表達突然急劇下跌的經(jīng)典表達,cliff表示懸崖峭壁,fall off a cliff則不難理解為斷崖式的暴跌,同樣可以積累為寫作用的替換表達。我還想到了一個詞nosedive nose就是指鼻子,dive指跳水,鼻子朝下地跳下,那不就是俯沖么?同樣的,這個詞也可以衍生出暴跌之意。例如:Oil prices took a nosedive in the crisis. 危機期間,石油價格暴跌。
However grim those numbers look, they are just the beginning. The nearunanimous view among economists is that the UK is diving into what the chancellor, Rishi Sunak, warns is a significant recession. However bad that sounds, it is probably a gross understatement: the Bank of England is forecastingthe worst recession in over 300 years.
盡管這些數(shù)字看起來是如此的糟糕,但它們僅僅是開始。經(jīng)濟學家們之間幾乎一致的看法是,英國正在陷入財政大臣里希蘇納克(Rishi Sunak)所警告的嚴重衰退。 盡管這聽起來是如此糟糕,但它還可能只是保守的說法:英格蘭銀行預測,300年來最嚴重的衰退將會到來。
unanimous /ju??nn?m?s/(意見, 決定, 投票)全體的; 全體一致的。(of an opinion, decision, or vote) held or carried by everyone involved
The country is unanimous in its support of the governments policy.全國一致支持政府的政策。
dive into a significant recession 陷入嚴重的衰退。
understatement/??nd?ste?tm?nt/ 保守的說法,輕描淡寫。( a statement that makes sth seem less important, impressive, serious, etc. than it really is)
To say I was despondent is an understatement. 說我有些沮喪已經(jīng)算是輕描淡寫了。
forecast/?f??kɑ?st/ 預測,預報(predict or estimate (a future event or trend)
The reason is simple: to try and quell the pandemic, this government has shut downhuge swathes of the economy. Over the past few weeks, shops, offices and assembly lines have all closed. While England yesterday began the slow and risky process of lifting that lockdown, the other nations are still directing people to stay at home. On easily the most important issue of our time, Boris Johnson iseffectively the prime minister of England, not the UK.
原因很簡單:為了試圖止住疫情,政府讓大部分的經(jīng)濟運作都停擺了,過去幾周,商店,辦公室和生產(chǎn)線都關(guān)閉了。盡管英格蘭昨天開始了解除隔離這個緩慢而冒險的進程,但其他國家仍在指示人們待在家里。(由于英國是由英格蘭、威爾士和蘇格蘭以及北愛爾蘭組成的聯(lián)合王國,這里作者用other nations并不是指英國外的國家,而是指英格蘭之外的威爾士和蘇格蘭以及北愛爾蘭---譯者注) 在我們這個時代所面臨的最重要的問題上,鮑里斯約翰遜實際上只能說是英格蘭的首相,而不是英國的首相。
quell/kwel/ 終止,鎮(zhèn)壓,平息(騷亂,抗議活動等),這里用quell the pandemic指止住疫情蔓延。
swathe/swe?/ 義為a broad strip or area of something長而寬的一條(或地帶),在文中swathe引申出另一個含義:一部分。而huge swathes of the economy則可理解為經(jīng)濟的一大部分,相當于a huge part of the economy.
lockdown /?l?kda?n/ 隔離,封閉
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