（雅思課外精讀）變性人士的性別認(rèn)同到底由誰來決定

【雅思課外精讀】變性人士的性別認(rèn)同到底由誰來決定？，關(guān)于這個(gè)問題的答案，你想知道嗎？下面中國(guó)教育在線小編就來為各位小伙伴解答分享一下，想要了解的話，那就話不多說，趕緊往下看。

Trans rights

變性人權(quán)利

Britains Gender Recognition Act wont change

英國(guó)的性別認(rèn)同法案不會(huì)改變

The government goes back on a plan to allow self-ID

政府允許自識(shí)別

1. IN THE BATTLE over trans rights, no prisoners are taken. On September 15th J.K.Rowling, the author of the Harry Potter books and a critic of gender ideology, published a new book (under a pseudonym) in which a character occasionally dresses as a woman to stalk his victims. Accusations of transphobia and an online punch-up ensued.

在爭(zhēng)取變性人權(quán)利的斗爭(zhēng)中，沒有人會(huì)愿意自投羅網(wǎng)。9月15日，《哈利波特》系列作者、性別意識(shí)形態(tài)批評(píng)家J.K.羅琳出版了一本新書(該書是用筆名寫作的)，書中一個(gè)角色偶爾會(huì)裝扮成女人跟蹤受害者，這使得人們指控她有變性恐懼癥，也在網(wǎng)上引起了熱議。

2. On this issue Ms Rowling, who is also known for her left-of-centre political views, finds herself, along with many other lefty British women, on the same side as the Conservative prime minister, Boris Johnson.This week it was the winning side. On September 22nd the government announced it would not go ahead with a change to the Gender Recognition Act that had been proposed by Mr Johnsons predecessor, Theresa May.

羅琳政治觀點(diǎn)一向偏左，她發(fā)現(xiàn)，在這個(gè)問題上，她和許多其他左翼英國(guó)女性一樣，站在了保守黨首相鮑里斯約翰遜這邊。這周，左翼觀點(diǎn)占據(jù)優(yōu)勢(shì)。9月22日，政府宣布將不會(huì)修改特蕾莎梅提出的性別認(rèn)同法案。

3. The act says that anyone can change the gender on their birth certificate, but they must have two medical opinions, including a diagnosis of gender dysphoria. Trans rights groups want to remove the medical gatekeepers and allow people to change their legal gender simply by declaration (known as self-ID), and Mrs May had proposed to do that. Gender critical womens groups warn that such a move would allow any man to enter any women-only space whenever he wants. They have welcomed the governments backtracking. Nancy Kelley, head of Stonewall, a gay and trans lobby group, retorted that the British government had missed a key opportunity to progress LGBT equality, calling it a shocking failure in leadership.

該法案規(guī)定，任何人都可以在其出生證明上更改性別，但必須具備兩項(xiàng)醫(yī)學(xué)意見書，其中包括被診斷為性別焦慮的醫(yī)學(xué)意見。變性人群體希望可以取消這些醫(yī)學(xué)診斷，讓人們僅僅通過自我聲明就可以合法地更改自己的性別（即自我識(shí)別），特蕾莎梅之前就已經(jīng)提議采用這樣的方式了。性別批判女性組織警告稱，這樣一來，任何男性都能夠隨意進(jìn)入女性空間，他們倒是很喜歡政府這樣的倒退。同性戀及跨性別游說團(tuán)體石墻(Stonewall)的負(fù)責(zé)人南希凱利反駁稱，英國(guó)政府錯(cuò)過了推進(jìn)LGBT平等進(jìn)程的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵機(jī)會(huì)，稱這是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力上令人震驚的失敗。

4. James Johnson, a pollster with JL Partners, believes the government has concluded there is little political advantage to be gained by perpetuating a culture war. Gender issues are right at the bottom of the agenda for most voters, he says. Were not America.

JL Partners的民調(diào)專家詹姆斯約翰遜認(rèn)為，政府已經(jīng)明白繼續(xù)這場(chǎng)文化斗爭(zhēng)沒有任何好處。他說，性別問題不是大多數(shù)選民關(guān)注的點(diǎn)，我們畢竟不是美國(guó)。

5. When ordinary people are asked for their views, they turn out to be rather cautious and conservative. A survey in June by YouGov found that 63% of the public believe a doctors approval should be required to change their legal gender. Some 46% say that trans women should not use womens changing rooms if they have not undergone gender reassignment surgery, against 26% who believe they ought to be allowed.

普通人對(duì)這個(gè)問題是相當(dāng)謹(jǐn)慎和保守的。YouGov今年6月的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，63%的人認(rèn)為，要改變自己的合法性別，必須得到醫(yī)生的批準(zhǔn)。約46%的人認(rèn)為變性女性如果沒有做過變性手術(shù)就不應(yīng)該使用女性更衣室，而僅有26%的人變性女性可以進(jìn)入女性空間。

6. Yet the governments decision to abandon gender self-ID is unlikely to shut down the debate nor bring Ms Rowling respite from online attacks. That is because another piece of legislation, the Equality Act, already allows trans women into womens spaces in some circumstances. Self-ID wont now happen in legislation, but it is already effectively public policy throughout British society, says Stephanie Davies-Arai of Transgender Trend, a group campaigning against the medical transitioning of children.

然而，政府放棄性別身份認(rèn)證的決定，不太可能阻止這場(chǎng)辯論，也不太可能讓羅琳免受網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊。這是因?yàn)椤镀降确ò浮罚呀?jīng)允許跨性別女性在某些情況下進(jìn)入女性空間。自我識(shí)別不可能合法化，但它已經(jīng)成為整個(gè)英國(guó)社會(huì)有效的公共政策，跨性別趨勢(shì)組織的Stephanie Davies-Arai說，該組織是一個(gè)反對(duì)對(duì)兒童實(shí)施變性手術(shù)的組織。

7. As well as protecting people on the basis of race and other characteristics, the Equality Act protects gender reassignment, a vague term. The law is too open to interpretation, says Rosa Freedman, a professor of law at Reading University. Under the act, trans women may enter some womens spaces, although they can be excluded if the bar can be proved to be aproportionate means to achieving a legitimate aim. The lack of clarity leaves space for groups on both sides to lobby public bodies for their preferred interpretation. Ms Davies-Arai calls it self-ID by the back door.

《平等法案》除了保護(hù)基于種族和其他特征的人之外，也保護(hù)性別重置，這是一個(gè)很模糊的術(shù)語。雷丁大學(xué)(Reading University)法學(xué)教授羅莎弗里德曼表示，這項(xiàng)法律太過模糊，沒法給出準(zhǔn)確解釋。根據(jù)該法案，跨性別女性可以進(jìn)入一些女性空間，但是，如果能夠證明禁止她們進(jìn)入女性空間是 達(dá)到合法目的的適當(dāng)手段，那么，她們就會(huì)被排除在外。由于這一術(shù)語不夠明確，雙方團(tuán)體都能夠游說公共機(jī)構(gòu)，讓它們接受自己的解釋。Davies-Arai女士稱之為走后門的自我識(shí)別。

8. We need a legal definition of four things: woman, female, sex and gender identity, says Professor Freedman. Ms Rowling has some ideas on definition: Woman is not a costume, woman is not an idea in a mans head, woman is not a pink brain, she wrote recently.

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