（雅思課外精讀）孩子隨母親姓就是女權(quán)主義了嗎

中國教育在線小編為大家收集整理了【雅思課外精讀】孩子隨母親姓就是女權(quán)主義了嗎？，那么接下來就跟著小編一起來看看，相信你通過以下的文章內(nèi)容就會(huì)有更深入的了解。

Matronymics

母系社會(huì)

More Chinese children are being given their mothers surname

越來越多的孩子隨母姓

Its not just about feminism

這不僅僅關(guān)乎女權(quán)主義

1. AS CHINA EMERGED from lockdown, a woman wrote a post on Weibo, a microblog, that has echoed through the long, hot summer. She was divorcing her husband, she said, because he would not allow her to change the surname of her child to her own. Details of the case werescant, but that did not stop it lighting up the internet, shining a new spotlight on the question of how far Chinese women have come. Phoenix Weekly, a magazine, launched an online poll that drew 47,000 respondents. Almost two-thirds said that a surname could come from either parent.

中國解除疫情封鎖之后，一名女子在微博發(fā)了一條帖子，在這個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)炎熱的夏天，這條帖子一直處于討論的中心。該女士稱，她和丈夫正在準(zhǔn)備離婚，因?yàn)樗煞虿粶?zhǔn)把孩子的姓改成她的姓。該離婚案的細(xì)節(jié)并沒有透露多少，但還是在網(wǎng)上引起了轟動(dòng)，讓人們重新審視中國女性的進(jìn)步?！而P凰周刊》發(fā)起了一項(xiàng)在線調(diào)查，有4，7萬人參加，近三分之二的人表示，孩子可以隨父母的任何一方姓。

2. As in most traditional societies, Chinese parents have long preferred sons, and the usual practice of handing down the fathers surname remains a powerful symbol of that (though women have always retained their surname at marriage). But with social mores changing rapidly, more parents have started to give babies the mothers surname, especially in wealthy urban areas. A paper last month in the Journal of Population Economics found that Chinese children with young, educated mothers from areas with normal sex ratios at birth were more likely than average to be given her surname, and such offspring were healthier and better educated than average. Almost one in ten newborns in Shanghai were given their mothers name in 2018.

和多數(shù)傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)一樣，長(zhǎng)期以來，中國人都更加偏愛兒子，傳父姓仍然是這一點(diǎn)的強(qiáng)有力象征（盡管中國女性結(jié)婚后可以一直保留自己的姓氏）。但是，隨著社會(huì)習(xí)俗的迅速改變，越來越多的孩子開始被冠以母姓，尤其是在富裕的城市地區(qū)。上個(gè)月發(fā)表在《人口經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)雜志》上的一篇論文發(fā)現(xiàn)，在中國，如果母親年輕、受過良好教育且來自出生性別比例正常的地區(qū)，那么子女隨母姓的可能性比平均水平更高，而且這些孩子更健康，受教育程度也更高。2018年，上海近十分之一的新生兒被冠以母姓。

3. Some young couples have compromised and use both surnames in combination, somewhat like Westerners creating double-barrelled surnames (though only one of those names can be legally recognised in China). According to a survey in 2019, the surnames of more than 1.1m Chinese people now form such a combination, a ten-fold increase on 1990.

一些年輕夫婦選擇妥協(xié)，讓孩子同時(shí)使用兩個(gè)姓氏，有點(diǎn)像西方人的雙姓（這些姓氏只有在中國才是合法的）。據(jù)2019年的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查，現(xiàn)有超過110萬中國人使用雙姓，是1990的10倍。

4. Government support for matronymics has been around since the mid-1990s. Giving the mothers surname to offspring was encouraged within the one-child policy (which was relaxed in 2016), to persuade people to be content with an only daughter. To win them over, officialsdug up Chinese texts about ancient matrilineal societies.

政府對(duì)隨母姓的支持始于20世紀(jì)90年代。在施行獨(dú)生子女政策期間，政府鼓勵(lì)給孩子冠以母姓，以說服人們滿足于只有一個(gè)女兒。為了贏得支持，當(dāng)局利用了有關(guān)古代母系社會(huì)的中國文獻(xiàn).獨(dú)生子女政策于2016年放寬。

5. Some wonder, however, whether all of this is more to do with genealogy than with feminism. Qi Xiaoying of the Australian Catholic University says that grandfathers are urging their daughters to give their surname to one of their grandchildren now that families can have more than one, because it assures the continuation of the grandparents line. Ms Qi calls this veiled patriarchy. In-laws now fight over whose name will go to the son. She says matronymics are more popular in Chinese cities not because of an assertion of womens rights, but because a generation of maternal grandparents has more wealth to hand down, especially if they are richer than their son-in-laws parents.

然而，有些人懷疑，這一切是否更多地與宗譜有關(guān)，而不是與女權(quán)主義有關(guān)。澳大利亞天主教大學(xué)的齊曉英(音譯)說，現(xiàn)在，由于獨(dú)生子女政策放款，外祖父母都在催自己的女兒給孩子冠母姓，因?yàn)檫@樣可以延續(xù)他們的血統(tǒng)。齊女士把這稱為隱晦父權(quán)制。姻親們現(xiàn)在為了孩子隨誰的姓而爭(zhēng)吵不休。她說，隨母姓在中國城市興起，并不是因?yàn)榕詸?quán)利的主張，而是一位內(nèi)外祖父母有更多的財(cái)產(chǎn)可以留給孩子，尤其是外祖父母的資產(chǎn)比較富有的情況下。

6. At least the trend shows that a patronymic is not a foregone conclusion, says Ms Qi. A survey in 2017 in the south-eastern city of Xiamen found that 23% of second children in two-child families were given their mothers surname. A couple in the city of Nanjing, surnamed An and Hui, called their children An Zihui and Hui Zian, both meaning the offspring of An and Hui. Genealogy and feminism had nothing to do with it, says Ms Hui. It was just a way to show our love.

齊女士表示，至少這種趨勢(shì)表明，隨父姓并非必然。2017年，中國東南部城市廈門的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，二孩家庭中23%的二胎隨母姓。南京一對(duì)姓安，姓惠的夫婦給他們的孩子取名安子惠，惠子安，寓意安和惠的后代。宗譜和女權(quán)主義與此無關(guān)，許表示。這只是我們表達(dá)愛的一種方式。

精讀解析

篇章結(jié)構(gòu)

P1：由一名女子因隨母姓問題離婚的案子引入：中國越來越多的孩子隨母姓。

P2：中國傳統(tǒng)上是隨父姓的，但是近年來，隨母姓越來越多。

P3：除了隨母姓，還有雙姓。

P4：隨母姓的歷史：中國因獨(dú)生子女政策鼓勵(lì)隨母姓。

P5：然而，隨母姓還與宗譜血脈延續(xù)有關(guān)。

P6：隨母姓和女權(quán)主義沒有關(guān)系。

重點(diǎn)單詞

matronymic/?mtr?n?m?k/ n. 出自母親或女性祖先的名adj. 表示母系的,母姓的

microblog微博

【例句】

In the age of the microblog, thousands of incensed middle-class people took up her case.

而在這個(gè)微博時(shí)代，成千上萬憤慨的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)分子聲援了她。

surname/s??ne?m/ n. 姓，姓氏；綽號(hào)，別名vt. 給起別名；給姓氏

【例句】

I was mistakenly assumed to be a Welshman because of my surname.

由于我的姓的緣故,我被誤認(rèn)為是威爾士人。

scant /sknt/ adj. 不足的；缺乏的；勉強(qiáng)夠的vt. 減少；節(jié)?。幌拗?/p>

【例句】

He paid scant attention to what was said.

他沒怎么注意聽講。

light up照亮；點(diǎn)亮

【例句】

Treat everyone kindly and light up the night.

善待每個(gè)人，然后照亮夜晚。

hand down宣布；把傳下去

【例句】

Our fathers handed down these customs to us.

我們的父輩把這些習(xí)俗傳給了我們。

in combination 結(jié)合

in combination with 與結(jié)合，與聯(lián)合

【例句】

These paints can be used individually or in combination.

這些涂料可單獨(dú)或混合使用。

double-barrelled /?d?b?l?br?ld/ adj. 雙管的；雙重的

【例句】

His word was a double-barrelled compliment.

他的話是雙重意義的恭維。

one-child policy獨(dú)生子女政策

【例句】

In China the one-child policy increases that pressure further.

在中國，獨(dú)生子女政策進(jìn)一步加大了這種壓力。

be content with以為滿足

【例句】

He had earned it, and he would not be content with less.

這是他掙來的, 差一丁點(diǎn)兒他都不會(huì)滿足。

dug up挖出；掘起；開墾；發(fā)現(xiàn)

【例句】

I want the key dug up.

我想把鑰匙挖出來。

matrilineal/?mtr?l?n??l/ adj. 母系的

【例句】

In matrilineal society, women had taken the priority of creating beauty.

在母系氏族社會(huì)內(nèi)，女性優(yōu)先獲得這種創(chuàng)造美的自由。

genealogy/d?i?n?l?d??/ n. 系譜,家系,宗譜

【例句】

The historical development of the concepts of genealogy, phylogeny, monophyly and polyphyly is briefly reviewed.

歷史地回顧了譜系、系統(tǒng)發(fā)育、單系、多系概念的由來和發(fā)展。

veiled/ve?ld/ adj. 隱藏的；蒙上面紗的；不清楚的；含蓄的

【例句】

Her words sounded like a veiled warning.

她的話聽起來像一個(gè)含蓄的警告。

patriarchy /pe?tr?ɑ?k?/ n. 父權(quán)制

【例句】

Male managers may find these books an uncomfortable read, peppered with talk of the patriarchy and gender privilege.

男性管理者可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些書讀起來讓人不舒服，里面充斥著父權(quán)制和性別特權(quán)的言論。

in-laws/inl?:/ n. 姻親

【例句】

Were visiting my in-laws on Sunday.

我們星期天要去拜訪我的姻親。

fight over 為爭(zhēng)吵

【例句】

The fight over the Medicaid expansion involved hair-raising brinkmanship.

為了抵抗醫(yī)保普及政策，反對(duì)者不惜鋌而走險(xiǎn)。

patronymic/?ptr?n?m?k/ adj. 取自教父名的n. 源于父名的姓或名字

【例句】

I had always felt aversion to my uncourtly patronymic, and its very common, if not plebeian praenomen.

我一向討厭自己這個(gè)庸俗的姓，這個(gè)非常普通的名字，就算不是平民百姓的名字也罷。

foregone /f??g?n/ adj. 先前的；過去的；預(yù)知的；預(yù)先決定的v. 發(fā)生在之前

【短語】

foregone conclusion 預(yù)料之中必然發(fā)生的事情；不可避免的結(jié)局

【例句】

The victory was a foregone conclusion.

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