（雅思課外精讀）為什么說重大比賽的勝利會影響民族團(tuán)結(jié)

雅思托?？荚噷τ谙胍鰢魧W(xué)或移民的人來說，是一個非常重要的考試。因此，了解考試的時間表和出分時間對于準(zhǔn)備考試的考生來說非常關(guān)鍵。下面中國教育在線外語頻道小編就為大家分享一下“【雅思課外精讀】為什么說重大比賽的勝利會影響民族團(tuán)結(jié)？”？

*注：本文摘自6月20日《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》

More than a game

不只是一場比賽

How winning big football matches promotes peace

贏得大型足球比賽促進(jìn)和平

A study finds that when African national teams are victorious, ethnic tensions wane

一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，非洲球隊一旦獲勝，種族沖突就會緩和

1. DID A MISSED penalty kick help bring peace to Ivory Coast? In 2005 its national football team was on the brink of qualifying for the World Cup for the first time. Having won its finalqualifying match, it just needed Cameroon to lose or draw the match it was playing against Egypt. The awarding of a late penalty set the Cameroonians up for a win. But Pierre Wom hit the post. The ball flew wide. Ivory Coast was in.

點球失球為科特迪瓦帶來了和平？2005年，科特迪瓦國家足球隊第一次有機(jī)會參加世界杯。在贏得了最后一場預(yù)選賽之后，只要喀麥隆在與埃及的比賽中輸球或者打平，科特迪瓦就能參加世界杯。最后的點球讓喀麥隆有機(jī)會取勝。但是，皮埃爾沃梅卻把球踢到了柱上去了，球飛得很遠(yuǎn)，科特迪瓦成功參加世界杯。

2. Listening on the radio, the Ivorian players erupted. Then they pleaded for peace in theirwar-torn country. We proved today that all Ivorians can coexist and play together, said Didier Drogba, the captain. The team knelt. We beg you on our knees...please lay down your weapons and hold elections, said Mr Drogba. The clip was played again and again on Ivorian television. In the months that followed the warring parties began talking and, eventually, agreed to a ceasefire. In 2007 they agreed to peace.

聽到廣播，科特迪瓦的球員們爆發(fā)出一陣歡呼，此后，他們呼吁自己飽受戰(zhàn)爭蹂躪的祖國能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)和平。如今我們證明了所有科特迪瓦人都可以共存，可以一起踢球，隊長德羅巴說。球員們都跪下了，他們呼吁我們跪下求你們了請放下武器，舉行選舉吧。。這段視頻在科特迪瓦播了一遍又一遍。在接下來的幾個月里，交戰(zhàn)雙方開始談判，最終達(dá)成?；稹?007年，他們達(dá)成和談。

3. There were, of course, factors in play other than Ivory Coasts win, Mr Woms missed shot and Mr Drogbas impassioned plea. But, according to a new study, the outcomes of important football matches can have a dramatic effect on national unity and, thus, civil wars.

當(dāng)然，除了科特迪瓦比賽的勝利、沃姆故意失手和德羅巴的真情呼吁之外，科特迪瓦實現(xiàn)和平還有其他因素。但是，根據(jù)一項新的研究，重大足球比賽的結(jié)果會對民族團(tuán)結(jié)產(chǎn)生一些重要影響，進(jìn)而影響內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的走向。

4. The studys authors, led by Emilio Depetris-Chauvin of the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, looked at how Africans identified themselves and how much they said they trusted each other in the days after important national-team matches. They found that people surveyed after their national squad had won were 37% less likely to identify primarily with their ethnic group and 30% more likely to trust other ethnicities, than those interviewed just before. This is entirely driven by national-team victories, whereas defeats have no discernible impact on that self-identification, say the authors.

這項研究由智利天主教大學(xué)的Emilio Depetris-Chauvin領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，他們研究了非洲人在國家隊重要比賽之后的自我認(rèn)同以及他們對彼此的信任程度。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，和比賽前相比這些接受調(diào)查的人在國家隊獲勝后，主要認(rèn)同自己民族的人減少了37%，而信任其他民族的則增加了30%。 研究人員稱，這完全是由國家隊的勝利驅(qū)動的，而比賽失敗對這種自我認(rèn)同沒有明顯的影響。

5. The bigger the match, the bigger the boost to national solidarity and trust. This does not merely reflect a general post-victory euphoria, say the authors.Incumbent politicians and ruling parties got no bounce in approval from a win. Nor was there any impact on respondents optimism about the economy.

比賽越重大，對增進(jìn)民族團(tuán)結(jié)互信的影響就越大。研究人員稱，這并不僅僅只是反映了一種普遍的勝后喜悅。現(xiàn)任政府和執(zhí)政黨的支持率也并沒有因為比賽獲勝而有所影響。受訪者對經(jīng)濟(jì)的情緒也沒有受到影響。

6. Victories also lead to less violence. The authors compared countries that narrowly qualified for the African Cup of Nations in recent years with those that narrowly missed out. The countries that squeaked in experienced almost 10% less conflict in the next six months than those that did not. The make-up of the squad probably matters, too. Mr Drogba noted that his team hailedfrom the north, south, centre and west of Ivory Coast. The effect of victories is stronger the more diverse the ethnic composition of the national team, say the authors.

勝利也會減少暴力。研究人員比較了近年來擠進(jìn)非洲國家杯的國家和那些差一點兒就能入圍的國家。在比賽之后的六個月里，那些入圍的國家沖突比沒有入圍的國家減少近10%。球隊球員的組成也很重要。德羅巴指出，他的球隊來自科特迪瓦的北部、南部、中部和西部。研究人員稱，國家隊的種族組成越多樣化，勝利的效果就越強(qiáng)。

7. So could more football reduce conflict in Africa? Perhaps, but the positive results only hold for high-stakes matches, not friendlies (matches unrelated to a competition). And thebonhomie can be fleeting. A second civil war broke out in Ivory Coast in 2010. Calm returned in 2011, after Mr Drogba and many others again appealed for peace.

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