（雅思課外精讀）英國校服與政治別人家的校服都經(jīng)歷了什么

留學(xué)，語言成績是必要材料之一，并且在申請院校的進程中，語言成績的高低直接影響著你最終能申請什么到水平的院校，下面外語頻道小編為大家具體分享下“【雅思課外精讀】英國校服與政治：別人家的校服都經(jīng)歷了什么？”內(nèi)容。

Schoolwear and politics

校服和政治

Bringing down the cost of school uniforms

降低校服成本

Schools love a posh uniform; parents and politicians less so

學(xué)校偏愛時尚的校服，而父母和政客卻不是如此

1. FOR THE many British families who have been struggling to look after children while clinging on to their professional lives, the prospect of schools reopening next week is a heartening one. But there is one aspect of the rentre to which no parents look forward: the school-uniform bill. The Childrens Society, a charity, reckons that the cost of a state-educated pupils secondary-school uniform is now 337 ($445), up from 316 in 2015.

在疫情封鎖期間，許多英國家庭既要上班又要照顧孩子，下周就要開學(xué)的消息對他們來說是很振奮的。但是，這其中還是有一點不那么讓他們期待，那就是校服賬單。慈善機構(gòu)兒童協(xié)會估計，公立學(xué)校學(xué)生的校服費用從2015年的316英鎊上升到現(xiàn)在的337英鎊(合445美元)。

2. Michael Gove, a former education secretary, is partly responsible. He wanted state schools to adopt blazers and ties, which demand further accessories in ugly colours and stripes. These Hogwartian habits were initially adopted in the 19th century to foster team spirit among future empire-builders; modern proponents argue that making poor and rich children wear the same clothes oils the wheels of social mobility.

前教育部長邁克爾戈夫?qū)Υ素?fù)有部分責(zé)任。他要求公立學(xué)校采用西裝和領(lǐng)帶，而這需要更多顏色丑陋，條紋難看的配飾。這種霍格沃茲傳統(tǒng)是在19世紀(jì)初形成的，目的是培養(yǎng)新一代帝國建設(shè)者的團隊精神，而現(xiàn)在支持這一傳統(tǒng)的人則認(rèn)為，讓窮孩子和富孩子穿一樣的衣服有利于促進社會流動性。

3. The transformation of state schools into independent academies has encouraged schools to develop their own identities. Despite government guidance advising them to opt for clothing available in supermarkets, schools have been branding everything from shirts to scarfs. Such items have to be bought in specific shops, and the absence of competition allows retailers to bump up prices.

而公立學(xué)校向獨立學(xué)院的轉(zhuǎn)變也促進學(xué)校發(fā)展自己的特色。盡管政府要求學(xué)校選擇那些在超市就能買到的衣服，學(xué)校還是把所有東西從襯衫到圍巾都打上了自己的標(biāo)簽。所有這些東西都只能在特定的商店購買，而缺乏競爭使得零售商提高了商品價格。

4. The Childrens Society says two-thirds of secondary-school parents now have to buy two or more items from a specific supplier. Most schools only have one shop you can buy the school uniform from, says Andrea Grant. Youve got no choice. She has set up Old School Uniform, a website where parents sell or give away uniforms. Other parents have gathered in Facebook groups that offer second-hand kit.

兒童協(xié)會稱，現(xiàn)在有三分之二的中學(xué)家長只能從一個特定供應(yīng)商那里購買兩件或兩件以上的商品。大多數(shù)學(xué)校只指定了一家可以購買校服的商店，家長別無選擇。安德里亞格蘭特說。格蘭特建立了一個叫做Old School Uniform的網(wǎng)站，家長可以在這個網(wǎng)站上出售或贈送校服，還有一些家長加入了Facebook上的二手商品群組。

5. Protests against the rising cost of uniforms have driven Mike Amesbury, a Labour MP, to introduce a bill to stop schools relying on a single uniform supplier and cut down on the amount of items the school brands with its logo. Retailers and supermarkets could sell standard blazers, onto which school logos could be sewn. The bill has government support, and it is on its way to becoming law.

校服價格上漲引發(fā)抗議，工黨議員邁克埃姆斯伯里就此提出了一項法案，旨在阻止學(xué)校依托單一校服供應(yīng)商，減少學(xué)校打上帶有學(xué)校標(biāo)識的產(chǎn)品數(shù)量,零售商和超市可以銷售普帶有學(xué)校標(biāo)識的普通西裝。該法案得到了政府的支持，即將正式寫入法律。

6. The government does not normally support Labour MPs bills, but the Conservative Party is worried that schools are putting extra pressure on the just about managing, a polite name for the working class coined during the premiership of Theresa May, Boris Johnsons predecessor. Keeping that vote is central to its plans for retaining power in 2024. Monopolies are simply notcompatible with an agenda that focuses on supporting children from less well-off backgrounds in the seats won by the Conservatives in 2019, says Tom Richmond, a former adviser to Mr Gove who runs EDSK, a think-tank that focuses on education.

政府通常不支持工黨議員的提案，但保守黨擔(dān)心，學(xué)校正對Jam群體施加額外壓力。just about manage是鮑里斯約翰遜的前任特蕾莎梅擔(dān)任首相期間對工人階級的委婉稱呼。保有工人階級的選票是保守黨2024年繼續(xù)掌權(quán)的核心。戈夫的前顧問、專注于教育的智庫EDSK負(fù)責(zé)人湯姆里奇蒙德表示，校服壟斷和2019年保守黨以其重點支持來自不富裕家庭兒童而贏得席位的議程根本上就是矛盾的。

7. Uniform suppliers are not happy. Matthew Easter, co-chair of the Schoolwear Association, a trade body, believes that the widely cited Childrens Society figures are misleading. The associations survey of retailers estimates a uniforms annual cost to be just 101. He argues that if a single retailer has to supply a schools uniforms, then it will make sure that all items areavailable all year round. If no retailer has that responsibility, supplies may become uncertain and children may end up wearing mismatched items.

制服供應(yīng)商對此很不滿意。行業(yè)組織校服協(xié)會聯(lián)合主席馬修伊斯特認(rèn)為，兒童協(xié)會那被人們廣泛引用的數(shù)據(jù)具有誤導(dǎo)性。校服協(xié)會對零售商的調(diào)查估計，一件校服每年的花費僅為101英鎊。他認(rèn)為，讓一家零售商供應(yīng)校服能夠保證所有配飾全年供應(yīng)充足，如果沒有零售商承擔(dān)這一義務(wù)，那么校服供應(yīng)可能會不穩(wěn)定，這可能會導(dǎo)致孩子們只能穿上不搭配的衣服。

8. Whether that would matter much is open to question. The Education Endowment Foundation looked at the costs and benefits of 35 measures which might, or might not, enhance childrens performance. Uniforms were among the least effective. But parents like them. Mrs Grant dressed her daughter in uniform even though the school does not have one. When theyre wearing the school uniform, parents dont have to think about oh, I havent got any branded items or fashionable accessories, theyre just wearing their school uniform, she says.

這是否重要還有待商榷。教育捐贈基金會研究了35項可能會影響孩子學(xué)校表現(xiàn)的措施，發(fā)現(xiàn)校服對孩子的表現(xiàn)影響是最小的。但是家長很喜歡校服。盡管學(xué)校沒有要求，格蘭特夫人還是讓她女兒穿校服。她說:當(dāng)孩子們穿著校服時，家長們不必想哦，我沒有給孩子穿什么品牌或是時尚衣服，他不是穿著校服呢嗎。

9. For some schools, no opportunity to extend the range of uniform items goes unmissed. Holmes Chapel Comprehensive School in Cheshire has made covid-19 face-maskscompulsory. Their navy blue masks must be bought from their uniform supplier, Sam DaleSon, at 3 a pop.

一些學(xué)校抓住任何能夠擴大學(xué)校校服涉及范圍的機會。柴郡的霍爾姆斯教堂綜合學(xué)校規(guī)定學(xué)生必須戴新冠防疫口罩。而這些海軍藍(lán)口罩必須從學(xué)校校服供應(yīng)商Sam DaleSon那里購買，每個口罩售價3英鎊。

精讀解析

篇章結(jié)構(gòu)

P1：英國就要開學(xué)，而過高的校服費用引起擔(dān)憂。

P2P3：校服費用過高的起源：統(tǒng)一校服傳統(tǒng)；獨立學(xué)院的校服壟斷。

P4P6：校服費用高引起的反應(yīng)：家長購買或者分享二手校服；議員提出立法打擊校服壟斷。

P7：校服供應(yīng)商應(yīng)對打擊的抗辯：統(tǒng)一校服供應(yīng)有利于保證供應(yīng)。

P8P9：研究表明，校服對孩子的學(xué)校表現(xiàn)影響并不那么大，但是家長喜歡給孩子穿校服，而一些學(xué)校抓緊一切機會壟斷校服及其配飾。

重點單詞

bring down降低；擊落；打倒，打死

【例句】

They brought down two enemy planes at one blow.

他們一舉擊落兩架敵機。

posh/p??/ adj. 漂亮的；奢侈的；時髦地

【例句】

They poshed themselves up for the party.

他們打扮起來, 準(zhǔn)備參加晚會。

cling on to 堅持某事；

【例句】

I dont think that we need to cling on to sanctions are necessary because I want our people to be responsible for their own destiny and not to depend too much on external props.

我認(rèn)為我們沒有必要一直實施制裁，因為我希望緬甸人民對自己的命運負(fù)責(zé)，而不要過多依賴外援.

heartening /hɑ?t?n??/ adj. 令人振奮的,鼓舞人的

【例句】

Heartening reports of victories are pouring in.

令人鼓舞的勝利消息不斷傳來。

rentre n. 回來；收進，收入，收回，征收；入倉；(假后)開學(xué)；恢復(fù)

【例句】

THE start of the school year in France also brings la rentre littraire, when publishers load a new crop on to the bookshelves in time for the seasons literary prizes.

隨著新學(xué)年的開始，法國的文學(xué)新季活動也拉開序幕，出版社紛紛趕在這一季文學(xué)獎頒布之前出版新書。

oils the wheels使順利進行;使正常運作

【例句】

By providing a stable environment for the marketing of intellectual property products, it also oils the wheels of international trade.

這種國際保護還通過為知識產(chǎn)權(quán)產(chǎn)品經(jīng)銷提供穩(wěn)定的環(huán)境而潤滑著國際貿(mào)易的滾滾車輪。

blazer/ble?z?/ n. 寬松運動外衣；西裝

【例句】

He wore a blazer and a shirt open at the collar.

當(dāng)時他穿的是一件運動夾克和領(lǐng)口敞開的襯衫。

accessory/?kses(?)r?/ n. 附件, 配件；同謀, 幫兇, 包庇犯

【例句】

He is an accessory to the murderer.

他是這個殺人兇手的同謀。

proponent/pr?p??n?nt/ n. (某事業(yè)、理論等的)支持者,擁護者

【例句】

Proponents dont deny the Green New Deal is strong medicine.

支持者并不否認(rèn)綠色新政是一劑良藥。

social mobility社會流動；社會流動性

【例句】

University was once seen as a source of social mobility in South Korea.

大學(xué)曾被視為韓國社會流動的源泉。

transformation/trnsf?me??(?)n/ n. 變化, 彎形, 變質(zhì), 轉(zhuǎn)變

【例句】

A startling cultural transformation occurred in post-war Britain.

戰(zhàn)后英國的文化出現(xiàn)了令人驚訝的變化。

retailer /ri:teil?/ n. 傳播的人；零售商

【例句】

The retailer accepted the shipment on consignment.

零售商接受了運來的寄售物品

bump up 突然增加；提升

【例句】

Personal claims for unemployment benefits take a slight bump up last week.

上周，個人申請失業(yè)救濟金人數(shù)小幅增加。

second-hand/s?k?ndhnd/ adj. 舊的; 用過的; 二手的；(消息、信息等)間接得來的; 二手的【例句】I bought the camera second-hand.我買的這架照相機是二手貨。

cut down on 削減，減少【例句】You should cut down on fats and carbohydrates. 你應(yīng)該減少攝入脂肪和碳水化合物。

monopoly /m?n?p(?)l?/ n. 壟斷；壟斷者；專賣權(quán)

【例句】

During each war the monopoly capitalists amassed fabulous wealth.

每次戰(zhàn)爭壟斷資本家們都大發(fā)橫財。

premiership /pr?m????p/ n. 總理,首相的職位與任期

【例句】

Now at this stage in her premiership, although the voice was very low, being sorts of train to be low.

在她任首相的這個時期，盡管她的聲音非常的低沉，但卻像是被訓(xùn)練出來的。

compatible with adj. 與和諧相處；與相配的

be compatible with 一致；適合；與相配

【例句】

Mr. Ollivander had been very surprised that Harry had been so compatible with this wand.

當(dāng)時奧利凡德先生看到哈利擺弄這根魔杖時得心應(yīng)手的樣子，感到非常吃驚。

available/?ve?l?b(?)l/ adj. 可用的或可得到的；可會見的, 可與之交談的

【例句】

It is both cheap and abundantly available.

它不僅便宜而且產(chǎn)量豐富。

all year round一年到頭；全年

【拓展】

peace all year round 歲歲平安

all the year round 一年到頭

【例句】

They need relatively warm temperatures all year round.

他們整年都需要相對溫暖的氣溫。

mismatch /m?smt?/ vt. 使配錯,使配合不當(dāng)n. 錯配,失諧

【例句】

The dwarf was blinking at them, blank-faced, with puzzlement in his mismatched eyes.

侏儒眨著眼睛，一臉茫然，兩只大小不一的眼睛里閃著迷惑。

compulsory/k?mp?ls(?)r?/ adj. 必須做的, 強制性的

【例句】

Which subjects are compulsory in your school?

在你們學(xué)校里， 哪些課程是必修的？

navy blue 藏青色；深藍(lán)色；海軍藍(lán)

【例句】

She was dressed in navy blue.

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