雅思口語考試,如何訓(xùn)練雅思口語的流利程度

　　雅思口語考試,如何訓(xùn)練雅思口語的流利程度？很多考生不理解流利程度和連貫性在雅思口語考試中考官是如何理解和評分的。這里我要從考官的角度向大家具體介紹Fluency and Coherence評分項(xiàng)目的特點(diǎn)。那么：雅思口語考試,如何訓(xùn)練雅思口語的流利程度？

　　Fluency and coherence are two different things but are grouped together because neither fluency nor coherence alone is considered as important as pronunciation，grammar or vocabulary. Fluency and coherence are both concerned with“the flow of language”— fluency concerns the physical flow of language while coherence concerns the logical“flow of interconnected ideas”。

　　上面這段考官的文字非常能夠說明問題，流利和連貫在雅思口語考試中并不能分開，是作為一個(gè)整體評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來考查考生的口語的。兩者都是測試考生的語言流暢性，這兩者的區(qū)別是Fluency是看考生口齒清晰方面的流利而Coherence是看考生觀點(diǎn)邏輯銜接方面的流暢。

　　You need to satisfy the requirements for both fluency and coherence to get a particular score for this combined item. In other words，if the examin er thinks you are a Band 6 for Fluency but only a Band 5 for Coherence，you will only get a sub-grade of Band 5 for the combined“Fluency and Coherence”。

　　考官在打分時(shí)是同時(shí)看考生這兩方面的表現(xiàn)的，如果考生的Fluency是6分而Coherence是5分，那么這個(gè)單項(xiàng)的綜合評分就是5分了，以低的那個(gè)分?jǐn)?shù)為準(zhǔn)。因此，考生要綜合提高兩方面的素質(zhì)，既要嘴上流利，內(nèi)容上也要有邏輯。

　　Fluency 流利程度，下面大家來看考官對于Fluency的具體分析：

　　For fluency，examiners notice three related things： continuity，speed and smoothness，在流利程度方面，考官著重看的是三個(gè)方面：連續(xù)性、語速和流暢性。

　　方面一　那么究竟什么是Continuity（連續(xù)性）呢？

　　This refers to your ability to just “keep talking”，without too many unnatural pauses.（Natural pauses are the very short pauses that we make when we speak in order to show the completion of an idea； to think of the best word； to consider an answer to a question； or to give dramatic effect.）Long pauses are unnatural and usually result from the speaker searching for vocabulary or making a complete sentence in his head before speaking. Pauses at inappropriate places in your speech are also unnatural. Many candidates who have long，unnatural pauses in their speech often do this because they are checking their grammar before speaking. In other words，they are overly worried about making grammatical mistakes. Similarly，those candidates who translate from Chinese to English before speaking also speak with long pauses. In the test itself，you should concentrate more on letting your speech “flow out” rather than worrying too much about grammar. Yes，keep grammar in mind，but in the test you should rely more on the habits of correct grammar that you had practiced in your preparation before the test. You will get a better score this way.

　　雅思口語考試中不要有不自然的停頓是得高分的重要一環(huán)，同時(shí)在口語考試的時(shí)候不要去想語法有沒有錯(cuò)，想語法的正確與否再去糾正會大大影響口語考試說話的連續(xù)性。

　　Some candidates break the continuity of their speech by correcting themselves too much. If a candidate corrects himself or herself too frequently，this could result in a loss of continuity. Therefore，you should not self-correct more than 2 or 3 times in the whole test and only do it if you think you made a major mistake that could cause confusion to the listener or if you think the mistake just “sounds terrible”。 Furthermore，you should do it quickly so that the continuity of your speech doesn't seem too disrupted.

　　同時(shí)，雅思口語考官建議口語考試的時(shí)候不要去太多次糾正自己的英文，整場考試2～3次多了，除非是影響理解的嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。

　　Similarly，avoid unnecessary repetition of what you have just said.（This is usually done by Band 3 and Band 4 speakers who do not have confidence in their English.）

　　One way to avoid unnaturally long pauses is to communicate to the examiner，by speaking，what you are thinking as you prepare to answer a question or，in Part 2，as you prepare to say the next thing. For example，instead of sitting there silently while you think of how to answer a question，you could say something such as： “That's an interesting question！” or “That's a difficult question！” or “I've never thought about that before.” or “Let me think about that.”

　　當(dāng)然，考試當(dāng)中也有很多避免重復(fù)詞和冷場的方法，考生所要做的就是用一些上面考官說的小竅門來解決。

　　A very important point is this： many candidates lose points for fluency because they stop talking for unnaturally long periods of time in Part 2—you are expected to speak continuously in Part 2. The main reason why some candidates do this is that they simply can't think of enough things to say，or can't think quickly enough of something to say.

　　雅思口語考試第二部分是考生在連貫性上失分的主要點(diǎn)。很大一部分原因是考生沒有思路，無法在一分鐘的準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間里想到足夠多的內(nèi)容來說，如何來構(gòu)建Part 2的答案的方法在第一章中已經(jīng)討論過，在第四章里會有更加詳細(xì)的論述。

　　方面二　Speed（語速）是流利性中第二個(gè)重要部分。其重要性體現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：

　　If your speech is unnaturally slow，you will lose point for fluency. In the test，if you know that your pronunciation is fairly clear and accurate，you should push yourself to speak a little faster than you would in a normal，non-test conversation.

　　在發(fā)音清楚和準(zhǔn)確的基礎(chǔ)上，語速盡量要保持正常，考生如果語速過慢將會被扣分。

　　But if you know that your pronunciation is not so clear or accurate，DON'T push yourself to speak faster because that could cause the examiner to not understand your pronunciation at all！ You will lose big points if the examiner cannot understand you at all.

　　對于那些基礎(chǔ)不好的考生，在發(fā)音不是很準(zhǔn)確的情況下，盡量不要加快語速，否則考官將完全不理解考生所說的內(nèi)容，從而導(dǎo)致分?jǐn)?shù)的大幅下降。

　　Some teachers tell（all）students NOT to speak fast in the test. This is a mistake，I believe，because sometimes all the students then think that they should speak slowly. Only those students with poor pronunciation should speak slowly，but only slowly enough to be understood clearly. The candidate who speaks a little slowly in order to be clear will lose a little on the fluency sub-scale but that is far better than losing big points in the pronunciation sub-score for being totally incomprehensible.

　　以上這段文字非常值得大家解讀。考官認(rèn)為一些中教告訴考生在雅思口語考試中語速不要快。這是一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的說法，因?yàn)檫@會讓所有的考生誤解，都認(rèn)為要在雅思口語考試中慢慢地說英語。其實(shí)，英語說得慢只是針對那些英語發(fā)音比較差的考生而言的，那些發(fā)音很好的考生語速過于緩慢反而會影響流利程度的分?jǐn)?shù)。

　　方面三　Smoothness（流暢性）是Fluency的第三個(gè)重要組成部分。

　　Smoothness is actually related to speed. If you don't use the two methods mentioned below to “smooth” your speech，it will be harder to speak at a natural speed. Two of the main ways to make your speech smoother are： a）to link your words and，b）to use contractions.

　　流暢性就是指自然的速度，越自然得分就越高。這部分的兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞是單詞的連貫性和縮寫式。

　　Linked Speech連貫的語流

　　In natural spoken English，most words are not spoken as single words but are linked with the preceding and following words. If you try to say each word individually，it will not sound “smooth” and it will almost certainly be too slow. One of the main examples of linking is the pronunciation of words that begin with a vowel sound.

　　單詞的連讀是口語的流利程度中非常重要的一個(gè)評分點(diǎn)。如果一個(gè)考生在整個(gè)考試中沒有出現(xiàn)過連讀的單詞，那么他的分?jǐn)?shù)不會高！

　　有考生會問怎么來訓(xùn)練連讀呢，我的建議是從聽力入手！劍橋雅思真題集的聽力有很多的素材可以供大家模仿，聽聽看聽力段子當(dāng)中的學(xué)生和教授是怎么說話的，對于大家感受連讀是很直觀的。

　　Contracted Speech 縮寫式

　　In natural spoken English，we use the contracted forms of some verb constructions most of the time. Examples of contractions are： “I'm”=“I am”； “He'll”=“He will”； and，“I'd”=“I would”。 We use the full forms to show emphasis or when we want to speak especially clearly for some reason，such as when stating a name.

　　The contracted forms are a faster way to speak and they are spoken in a smoother way than two separate words. Therefore，using contractions improves your fluency.

　　In the IELTS Speaking test，you should try to use the contracted forms at least 50% of the time. But don't worry if you use the full form sometimes（caused by your old habits of speech）。 Certainly，don't correct yourself if you use the full form. Using the full form is not considered to be “wrong”—it is simply more natural and therefore more suitable to use the contractions most of the time.

　　考官所建議的縮寫式就是把一些原本分開來的兩個(gè)詞用縮寫形式讀出來，從而顯得更為流暢。這并不是強(qiáng)制性的要求，但是如果考生能夠做到，那就是錦上添花了。說完了流利，接下來就要來看看這個(gè)評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的另外一個(gè)組成部分。

　　Coherence 連貫性，同樣地，考生要關(guān)注雅思口語考官對這個(gè)評分點(diǎn)的解釋。

　　The verb “cohere” means “to stick together as a mass or a group”。 In other words，the different parts of a whole are connected or linked. When referring to language，“coherence” is mostly about the linkage of ideas.

　　這個(gè)評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)簡單來說就是看考生的回答是不是思路清楚，內(nèi)容上是不是有邏輯。

　　Coherent language is easy to follow because the ideas are linked using special linking words and phrases（= “connectives”）。 In other words，the absence of key linking words or phrases can make your language less coherent.

　　有意識地使用連接詞在雅思口語考試中顯得非常必要。

　　Obviously，before you can show the language of linking ideas，you have to say several things，not just one thing. In other words，the first way to get some points for coherence is to speak extended answers，with extra information，not answers that only address the basic question，without adding anything extra. First answer the question directly，then develop your an swer with extra information that is related to the question.

　　Extended（or “developed”）answers are also more coherent because they help the listener（or reader）better understand your meaning. For instance，adding an example of what you mean helps the listener understand. The more “understandable” or “clear” your answer is，the more it can be called “a coherent” answer.

　　雅思口語考試中答案的擴(kuò)展也是得分手段之一，也就是說在回答完YES/NO之后要給出更加豐富的內(nèi)容來擴(kuò)展答案，舉例子同樣也是能給考生加分的。

　　Another aspect of coherent language is the logical placement of the ideas. That is，the ideas are stated in a logical order. For example，if you are explaining something that has several steps，you first talk about the first step and continue on to the last step. In this case，the linking words at the beginning of the sentences should be words such as “First”，“Second”，“Next”，“Then”，and “Finally”。

　　表示邏輯順序的連接詞運(yùn)用恰當(dāng)是Coherence得高分的關(guān)鍵。接下來是考官提供的一個(gè)例子來說明使用連接詞來銜接觀點(diǎn)。

　　“If you've got a lot of money and especially if you think you can get a good job when you come back to China，studying for an MBA overseas could be a good idea. On the other hand，it might not be the wisest decision if your family has to make financial sacrifices to allow you to study overseas because returning MBAs often can't find good-paying positions in China.”

　　The words，“On the other hand” is the linking phrase. It tells the listener（or reader）that the second sentence is an alternative idea to the first sentence.（There are different linking phrases，representing different meanings.）This linking phrase does two things： It serves as an introduction to the second sentence and it links to the idea of the first sentence. Overall，the linking phrase makes it easier for the listener to understand your meaning in the remainder of the second sentence.

　　大家從考官的評論中可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，連接詞是得分的關(guān)鍵因素。如果在雅思口語考試的過程中考生沒有使用任何連接詞或者連接詞使用不充分，那么即使該考生的口語能力再強(qiáng)，也會被扣去相應(yīng)的分?jǐn)?shù)！

　　Good coherence is important in language because if a speaker makes errors in pronunciation，grammar or vocabulary（or all three），or if there is background noise（such as when talking on a telephone），the listener can probably still understand the meaning because he or she was given an introduction to what you are going to say. In addition，when you are speaking about something complex，it is a good communication skill to give the listener special help in following what you are saying so that the listener does not have to strain too hard to follow you.（This also applies to your writing in the Writing test.）

　　良好的連貫性是得高分的關(guān)鍵評分點(diǎn)。如果考生的發(fā)音、語法或者詞匯都有問題，但是他的口語內(nèi)容里面有開頭、中間和結(jié)尾的邏輯順序，那么考官還是可以理解他所說的內(nèi)容的，得分也不會很低。而且，在說復(fù)雜內(nèi)容的時(shí)候，邏輯連貫顯得解他所說的內(nèi)容的，得分也不會很低。而且，在說復(fù)雜內(nèi)容的時(shí)候，邏輯連貫顯得尤其重要。一定要記住自己的內(nèi)容要有邏輯，要讓考官完全能夠聽懂所說的內(nèi)容，否則語言上再好，分?jǐn)?shù)也不會高，這一點(diǎn)也適用于雅思寫作。

　　Using good coherence is especially important when a speaker speaks for a long time，as in Part 2 or when a speaker is explaining something rather complex or abstract，as in the answers for many Part 3 questions.

　　考生在Part 2和Part 3回答長時(shí)間問題和抽象復(fù)雜問題的時(shí)候，要非常注重良好的邏輯連貫性，具體的原因來看下面一段考官的具體分析：

　　In the Speaking test，many candidates speak in a way that can be generally understood，i.e.，they speak in a way that is not particularly unclear，illogical or inconsistent. This is often because they just say simple things. In addition，the IELTS examiner might understand you because he or she knows what to expect when you give an answer，based on the examiner's experience. However，the examiner's job is to also consider how well you would be understood by a typical English-speaker overseas. In order to get a go od sub-score（6 or above）for coherence，you have to clearly demonstrate that you know about the joining words and phrases and can use them correctly.（To get a 6 for Coherence，you will be forgiven for making a few mistakes in the correct usage of joining words and phrases—just show that you have knowledge of this and are trying?。?

　　從上面考官的一段解釋發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果要在Coherence部分得到6分，那么考生一定要有意識地使用各種連接詞。要記住，在整個(gè)雅思口語考試的過程中，要不斷展示考生自己的邏輯連貫的能力。在Part 2中考生要注意句子之間的邏輯銜接，在Part 3中考生要把各種觀點(diǎn)和理由進(jìn)行邏輯銜接。