gmat邏輯題

　　gmat邏輯題

　　邏輯描述題(Reasoning Questions)

　　邏輯結(jié)鉤題要你描述作者推理的構(gòu)建.而并非文章主題。下面是邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)題的問(wèn)法:

　　.How does the author make his point?

　　.A major flaw in the argument above is that it. . .

　　·As response has which of the following relationships to be argument?

　　怎么解邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)題

　　1.閱讀作者推理，找出結(jié)論。

　　2用自己的話復(fù)述推理。描述作者怎么利用前提推出結(jié)論。

　　3.用排除法。比較好的選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該能描述推理的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)。排除那些不符合邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)的選項(xiàng)。

　　策略:在GRE和GMAT的邏輯題中，關(guān)于邏輯描述的方式只有“正面例子，反面例子和類比”三種。

　　例題The burden of taxation on the back of a people is not unlike the burden of a weight on the back of a horse. Just as a small burden badly placed may distress a horse that could carry with ease a much larger burden properly adjusted, so a people may be impoverished and their power of producing wealth destroyed by taxation that, if levied another way,could be borne with ease.

　　The author's point is made by_.

　　(A)pointing out an ambiguity

　　(B) using an analogy

　　(C)refuting a supposed counterexample

　　(D)appealing to an authority

　　(E) generalizing from a particular case

　　題干說(shuō)，壓在人身上的稅負(fù)與馬背上的負(fù)擔(dān)沒(méi)有什么兩樣。負(fù)荷如果安放不當(dāng).容易對(duì)馬匹產(chǎn)生不良影響，但如果調(diào)整得當(dāng)，馬可以輕松地承受更大的負(fù)荷。對(duì)人也一樣，他們很可能破稅負(fù)壓得更窮.無(wú)法進(jìn)行物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)。但如果用另一種方式對(duì)人征稅，也許就能輕松地被人們接受。這里，問(wèn)題問(wèn)作者通過(guò)什么方式來(lái)論述他的論點(diǎn)。我們回頭再看一下題干大意，得知，作者想得出‘’但如果用另一種方式對(duì)人征稅，也許就能輕松地被人們接受”的結(jié)論。而在論述過(guò)程中，作者用與人身的稅負(fù)相似的馬背上的負(fù)擔(dān)來(lái)幫助說(shuō)明這個(gè)間題。這明顯是一種類比。即作者通過(guò)類比來(lái)得出他的推論。選項(xiàng)B正好描述了這種論證方式。

　　例題Which of the following best completes the passage below?

　　Established companies concentrate on defending what they already have. Consequently,they tend not to be innovative themselves and tend to underestimate the effects of the innova-tions of others. The clearest example of this defensive strategy is the fact that(A)ballpoint pens and soft - tip markers have eliminated the traditional market for fountainpens, clearing the way for the marketing of fountain pens as luxury or prestige items(B)a highly successful automobile was introduced by the same company that had earlier introduced a model that had been a dismal failure(C)a once - successful manufacturer of slide rules reacted to the introduction of electronic calculators by trying to make better slide rules(D)one of the first models of modern accounting machines, designed for use in the banking industry, was purchased by a public library as well as by banks(E) the inventor of a commonly used anesthetic did not intend the product to be used by dentists, who currently account for almost the entire market for that drug.

　　這一道題要你在5個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)適合填入空格的句子。但從題干的前半部分.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)它是在闡述一個(gè)論斷，即結(jié)論.而后半部分需要一個(gè)正面的例子來(lái)說(shuō)明這個(gè)結(jié)論。我們首先用自己的話來(lái)復(fù)述這個(gè)推理:在位的公司專注于保護(hù)他們已經(jīng)擁有的東西，所以它們不期待創(chuàng)新.而且低估了其他公司的創(chuàng)新所帶來(lái)的影響。這種保護(hù)性的戰(zhàn)略明顯的例子就是什么樣的例子能舉出這種保護(hù)性的戰(zhàn)略呢?我們來(lái)看選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)A，清除了水筆作為奢侈品的營(yíng)銷手段，圓珠筆和軟筆已經(jīng)占據(jù)了傳統(tǒng)的水筆市場(chǎng)。這里雖有新舊對(duì)比，卻沒(méi)有保護(hù)傳統(tǒng)，壓制創(chuàng)新的表現(xiàn)。選項(xiàng)日，D和E都沒(méi)有表達(dá)這種壓制創(chuàng)新，而只有選項(xiàng)C非常清晰地列舉了這種保護(hù)落后，壓制創(chuàng)新:一個(gè)曾經(jīng)很成功的滑動(dòng)圓規(guī)制造商對(duì)新生的電子圓規(guī)采取的措施是試圖制造更好的滑動(dòng)圓規(guī)。