托福閱讀常見句型解析之倒裝句

近年來，越來越多的中國學(xué)子選擇留學(xué)，那其中托福閱讀常見句型解析之倒裝句？本文則針對這個問題，為大家整理了資料，接下來咱們就一起往下了解吧。

如果你在備考托福閱讀，那么你一定會在TPO4的第一篇文章Deer Populations of the Puget Sound的第三段看到這樣一個句子：not until the second of December did they kill their first elk.在這里，你可能會納悶：為什么助動詞did放在了they的前面?其實這是個倒裝句。在什么情況下使用倒裝呢?咱們今天就來看看托福閱讀中常見的倒裝句的道是什么。

1.never等具有否定意義或否定形式的`詞或詞組位于句首時用倒裝。

常見詞或詞組有： not, never, rarely, little, hardly, seldom, on no account, by no means, neither, nor

因此，對于倒裝句not until the second of December did they kill their first elk.來說，第一步先把句子變成正常語序，即把not的位置還原，第二步再理解句子。那么這個句子就變成they did not kill their first elk until the second of December。 notuntil表示直到才，因此句子意思為：他們直到第二年的十二月才殺死了第一批麋鹿。

2.當(dāng)only+狀語位于句首時表強(qiáng)調(diào)使用倒裝。

真題例句：Only recently have investigators considered using these plants to clean up soil and waste sites(TPO5-1 Minerals and Plants)

解析：該句是only+recently(時間狀語)位于句首引起的倒裝，因此該句變成正常語序為：Investigators have only recently considered using these plants to clean up soil and waste sites,意思為：研究人員最近才考慮使用這些植物清理土壤和垃圾場。

3.為加強(qiáng)語氣so/suchthat結(jié)構(gòu)中的so或such位于句首時用倒裝。

真題例句：So admired were these pieces that they encouraged the development of earthenware made in imitation of porcelain and instigated research into the method of their manufacture.(TPO10-1 Chinese Pottery)

解析：該句是sothat結(jié)構(gòu)中的so位于句首引起的倒裝，因此該句變成正常語序為：These pieces were so admired that they encouraged the development of earthenware made in imitation of porcelain and instigated research into the method of their manufacture.意思為：這些藝術(shù)品受到極高的贊賞，于是他們鼓勵制陶來仿制瓷器，并激勵人們研究制作方法。

4.主語較長，為使句子平衡或強(qiáng)調(diào)，倒裝表語或狀語

這種倒裝句通常是介詞短語、形容詞(短語)和分詞(短語)位于句首。

如：

By his sides is his wife who is very elegant and beautiful.(在他旁邊是他美麗優(yōu)雅的妻子)

Green are the clouds in the sky and faded are leaves on the ground.(碧云天，黃葉地)

Sitting in the class are students who come from all across the China.(坐在教室里的學(xué)生來自中國各地)

真題例句：Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.(OG The Origins of Cetaceans)

解析：該句的主語是fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.其中intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans(哺乳動物和海洋鯨魚之間過渡性)是fossils的定語。由于該句主語過長，為了使句子平衡，把表語Missing until recently置于句首引起倒裝句。該句變成正常語序為：Fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans were missing until recently.意思為哺乳動物和海洋鯨魚之間過渡性的化石現(xiàn)在找到了。

5. 如果虛擬條件句的謂語部分含有were, had, 或should, 可以把他們放到句首,省略連詞if,變成倒裝句。

真題例句1：In contrast, should another ice age occur, sea level would drop drastically.(TPO15-3 Glacier Formation)

解析：對于這種倒裝句的處理是：第一步，把if還原;第二部，理解句子。因此if還原之后該句變成：In contrast, if another ice age should occur, sea level would drop drastically.由if引導(dǎo)的從句should occur的使用可知，該句是對將來的虛擬。意思為：對比之下，如果再次發(fā)生冰川世紀(jì)，海平面將會大大下降

真題例句2：Their significance may have remained clear had the Chinese not come under foreign influence.(TPO10-1 Chinese Pottery 11題)

解析：該句是把條件從句放在了句子后面，if還原之后變成：Their significance may have remained clear if the Chinese had not come under foreign influence.由had not come 的使用可知該句是對過去的虛擬，意思為：如果中國沒有受到外國的影響，它們的重要性可能保持清晰。

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