托福閱讀藝術(shù)類話題

托福閱讀藝術(shù)類話題，很多同學(xué)對(duì)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題有疑問(wèn)和不解，那么下面就跟著中國(guó)教育在線的小編詳細(xì)了解一下吧。

托福 閱讀藝術(shù)類話題

托福閱讀藝術(shù)類文章的難點(diǎn)是在于對(duì)復(fù)雜動(dòng)詞的理解上，還有就是在于對(duì)定語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的分析上。無(wú)論是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，如不能準(zhǔn)確理解動(dòng)詞在句中的含義，很大程度上會(huì)影響我們對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的理解。而在藝術(shù)這類特定語(yǔ)域出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞，還是有它存在的特殊性。今天我們集中分析托福閱讀藝術(shù)類的文章。小編為大家?guī)?lái)托福閱讀話題：藝術(shù)類文章解析，希望對(duì)大家托福備考有所幫助。

我們把托福閱讀的文章題材，分為社會(huì)科學(xué)、生命科學(xué)、自然科學(xué)三大部分。建議初學(xué)者抑或基礎(chǔ)較薄弱的學(xué)生首先接觸社會(huì)科學(xué)類的文章，該類題材包括文化、藝術(shù)、歷史、經(jīng)濟(jì)等幾門學(xué)科，與生活較為接近，對(duì)詞匯和內(nèi)容的理解要求也相對(duì)較低，今天我們集中分析藝術(shù)類的文章。綜合TPO中以人類藝術(shù)為題材的文章，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，要么分析一種藝術(shù)形式在一定時(shí)期的存在方式、意義、起源;要么以時(shí)間為軸線，分析一種藝術(shù)形式的演變進(jìn)程。

我們以O(shè)rigins of Theatre與Cave Art in Europe為例，學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)這兩篇文章時(shí)出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題主要集中在以下兩個(gè)方面：

(一)對(duì)復(fù)雜動(dòng)詞的理解

無(wú)論是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，如不能準(zhǔn)確理解動(dòng)詞在句中的含義，很大程度上會(huì)影響對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的理解。而在藝術(shù)這類特定語(yǔ)域出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞，必然有其獨(dú)有特性。這里所說(shuō)的復(fù)雜動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)該分為兩種，一種是熟詞偏義，另一種則是較抽象、學(xué)術(shù)化的詞匯。比如：

Under this theory, relating and listening to stories are seen as fundamental human pleasures. Thus, the recalling of an event (a hunt, battle, or other feat) is elaborated through the narrator’s pantomime and impersonation and eventually through each role being assumed by a different person.

短短兩句話內(nèi)，其中三個(gè)動(dòng)詞會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)生對(duì)文章的理解造成誤導(dǎo)?？吹絩elating, 只能想到“聯(lián)系”，elaborated會(huì)想到“詳細(xì)、復(fù)雜的”，assume則只能想到“假定”。于是兩句話讀下來(lái)不知所云。實(shí)則relate咋這里指“敘述”，“elaborate”指“詳細(xì)闡述...”，而assume在這里指“承擔(dān)”某一角色。再比如：

...., whose difficulty of access has been interpreted by some as a sign that magical-religious activities were performed there.

Interpret對(duì)大多數(shù)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)過(guò)于抽象，然而它其實(shí)在這里等同于explain，動(dòng)詞后對(duì)一種現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了解釋。更本質(zhì)上講，實(shí)則是一個(gè)隱性的因果邏輯詞，不出意外得在這里設(shè)置了一道事實(shí)信息題。如果不理解Interpret在該句中的含義，對(duì)做題會(huì)造成很大障礙。

其他抽象動(dòng)詞不一一詳述，有興趣的同學(xué)在讀這兩篇文章時(shí)一定要特別留意以下動(dòng)詞的含義：envision, advance, perceive, objectify

托福閱讀藝術(shù)類話題素材

The history of painting is a never-ending chain that began with the very first pictures ever made. Each style grows out of the styles that came before it. Every great artist adds to the accomplishments of earlier painters and influences later painters.

We can enjoy a painting for its beauty alone. Its lines, forms, colors, and composition (arrangement of parts) may appeal to our senses and linger in our memories. But enjoyment of art increases as we learn when and why and how it was created.

A painting always describes something. It may describe the artist's impression of a scene or person. It also describes the artist's feelings about the art of painting itself. Suppose, for example, the artist paints a picture of the birth of Venus, the Roman goddess of love—a subject that has been used many times. The viewer may not learn anything new about the subject from the more recent version that could not have been learned from the older one. Why, then, do painters bother to depict the same scene again? The answer is that they want to tell us something new about the way the scene can be painted. In a way, the artist is saying, "I have painted the birth of Venus as no other artist before me has painted it." The artist not only depicts the birth of Venus but also makes a statement about the art of painting itself.

Many factors have influenced the history of painting. Geography, religion, national characteristics, historic events, the development of new materials—all help to shape the artist's vision. Throughout history, painting has mirrored the changing world and our ideas about it. In turn, artists have provided some of the best records of the development of civilization, sometimes revealing more than the written word.

Prehistoric Painting

Cave dwellers were the earliest artists. Colored drawings of animals, dating from about 30,000 to 10,000 B.C., have been found on the walls of caves in southern France and in Spain. Many of these drawings are amazingly well preserved because the caves were sealed up for many centuries. Early people drew the wild animals that they saw all around them. Very crude human figures, drawn in lifelike positions, have been found in Africa and eastern Spain.

The cave artists filled the cave walls with drawings in rich, bright colors. Some of the most beautiful paintings are in the Cave of Altamira, in Spain. One detail shows a wounded bison, no longer able to stand—probably the victim of a hunter. It is painted in reddish brown and outlined simply but skillfully in black. The pigments used by cave painters were earth ochers (iron oxides varying in color from light yellow to deep orange) and manganese (a metallic element). These were crushed into a fine powder, mixed with grease (perhaps animal fat), and put on with some sort of brush. Sometimes the pigments were used in sticks, like crayons. The grease mixed with the powdered pigments made the paint fluid and the pigment particles stick together. The cave dwellers must have made brushes out of animal hairs or plants, and sharp tools out of flint for drawing and scratching lines.

As far back as 30,000 years ago, people had invented the basic tools and materials for painting. Techniques and materials were refined and improved in the centuries following. But the discoveries of the cave dweller remain basic to painting.

托福閱讀文章看不懂怎么辦

托福閱讀看不懂的困難：

1.出現(xiàn)大量的生詞，看不懂。

2.詞匯量不低，但即便看懂了單詞，依然不理解托福閱讀文章。

托福閱讀看不懂的解決辦法和建議：

1.對(duì)于看不懂單詞，首先有可能是因?yàn)樵~匯量的問(wèn)題。天道留學(xué)老師建議大家在這個(gè)階段里，積累詞匯，并以詞根詞綴的方式來(lái)記憶更有助于牢固地積累，這里我們推薦大家《新托福詞匯詞根+聯(lián)想+讀音記憶法》--出品，其中的托福詞匯更貼近新托福詞匯范圍，并以更科學(xué)的方法幫助備考托福初期的考生更有效快速地提高詞匯量，從而盡快將考生自己的經(jīng)歷放在托福閱讀這樣分?jǐn)?shù)比重大的部分。當(dāng)詞匯積累到一定的程度時(shí)候，把托福閱讀文章中的單詞全直譯出來(lái)，雖然不太會(huì)通順，但至少能明白。

2.把句子里的所有修飾的詞全省略，只剩下主謂賓。

3.如果考生說(shuō)，我的詞匯量似乎不少了，閱讀過(guò)程中看得懂詞匯，但就是不理解文章的意思，或者說(shuō)，做錯(cuò)題目，怎么辦?下面，請(qǐng)隨天道留學(xué)小編分情況來(lái)舉例說(shuō)明，并解決：

“最無(wú)奈的莫過(guò)于看得懂文章，但做不對(duì)題”。這種情況在新托福閱讀出現(xiàn)以來(lái)，貌似成為一種常態(tài)。反而是在老托福的時(shí)期，這樣的話，從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)。究其原因還是因?yàn)樾峦懈？荚嚾∠苏Z(yǔ)法的單項(xiàng)考察，但是在實(shí)際考試之中又將對(duì)于語(yǔ)法的考察融合在了新托?？荚囍校@里面就是托福閱讀考試體現(xiàn)得最為明顯。

比如說(shuō)The extreme

seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.

很多人在看到這句話的時(shí)候，經(jīng)常翻譯為“沙漠化是源于”或者翻譯為“沙漠化導(dǎo)致”“很多的土地與很多的人去影響的原因?！边@里面有兩個(gè)點(diǎn)特別容易犯錯(cuò)誤，一是result from是源于的意思，而不是單純的導(dǎo)致的意思。二是affected在這里其實(shí)是后置定語(yǔ)，因此這里的意思是“被影響”，這里很多人又疑惑了，因?yàn)槲覀円郧翱吹降臇|西都是，人的因素導(dǎo)致沙漠化啊，怎么又會(huì)是被影響呢?這就是你的問(wèn)題了，你被自己以前獲得的信息給影響了，你只要知道文章的作者是這么認(rèn)為的就可以了，何必把自己腦中的信息強(qiáng)加在本文作者身上呢。

這句話其實(shí)是一個(gè)很淺顯的例子，很多時(shí)候，考生只是認(rèn)為自己已經(jīng)把文章讀懂了，但是實(shí)際上你們?cè)趯?duì)于文章的理解上有無(wú)數(shù)的錯(cuò)誤，這其實(shí)就是語(yǔ)言的細(xì)節(jié)!這些細(xì)節(jié)點(diǎn)要想解決靠的是什么?靠的是單詞的積累，靠的是語(yǔ)法的一步一步的打磨。

如果你經(jīng)常有“最無(wú)奈的莫過(guò)于看得懂文章，但不對(duì)題”的感嘆的時(shí)候，建議大家最好還是從自身下手，去檢查自己的單詞，以及語(yǔ)法。如果覺(jué)得不知道從哪里下手，到底該怎么提升，建議你做做老托福的語(yǔ)法，而且要多分析錯(cuò)題

托福閱讀怎么練

1.多刷題，多練習(xí)，提升閱讀速度

在刷題練習(xí)之前要強(qiáng)調(diào)的一點(diǎn)是，詞匯量必需過(guò)關(guān)。從某種意義上來(lái)講，詞匯量的大小是托福閱讀理解高分的基礎(chǔ)和關(guān)鍵。以犧牲詞匯量為代價(jià)的技巧練習(xí)是完全不可取的，因?yàn)榛A(chǔ)打不好，根本談不上任何技巧。

打好基礎(chǔ)以后就要多練習(xí)了，練習(xí)時(shí)提升閱讀速度是關(guān)鍵。對(duì)托福有了解的同學(xué)都知道，托福的閱讀量非常大，一般情況下，很多中國(guó)考生沒(méi)辦法把文章全部讀完，有人提倡“掃讀法”、“跳讀法”和“略讀法”，這些方法可能對(duì)個(gè)別文章有些用處，但并不適用所有題型。所以，從根本上講還是要多練習(xí)，提高自己的閱讀速度。

2.做精讀，吃透文章

練習(xí)托福閱讀的時(shí)候，一定要做精讀。在閱讀當(dāng)中，精讀和泛讀都很重要的。很多同學(xué)做了很多TPO，卻不返回去分析做錯(cuò)的地方，也不對(duì)文章做精讀。如果只刷題，而不看不分析自己存在哪些問(wèn)題，那讀十篇，還不如讀一篇。因?yàn)檫@樣的泛讀對(duì)你是沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)提升的。

那么如何做精讀呢?首先，要整理文章中的單詞，然后要分析長(zhǎng)難句和文章結(jié)構(gòu)，最后分析錯(cuò)題出錯(cuò)的原因。

關(guān)于托福閱讀藝術(shù)類話題這個(gè)問(wèn)題本文的分享就到這里結(jié)束了，如果您還想了解更多相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，那么可以持續(xù)關(guān)注本頻道。

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