Dadasim托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

Dadasim托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

一、Dadasim托福聽力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in an art history class.MALE PROFESSOR:All right.So last week we started talking about the painters and sculptors who were part of the art movement called Dada.But I don't want you to think the ideas we introduced last time were limited to painting,sculpture,that sort of thing.So today I want to move beyond the visual arts and talk a bit about Dada in the performing arts,in theater.

But let's start by reviewing what Dada is,OK?As you will recall,Dada began in Switzerland,in the city of Zurich,in 1916.The artists who studied it were reacting against traditional notions of beauty,of reason,of progress,which had been standards of western thought since the 18th century.

They looked around.And well,I mean,the First World War was raging,so they didn't see much beauty,reason or progress in the world.Instead,they saw a world that was chaotic,random,a world that didn't make sense.And if that's the way the world was,well,they wanted their art to reflect that.So let's—let's review a couple of key ideas that were the backbone of Dada art.

First,the Dadaists wanted to completely reject the classical idea of art.Classical ideas like proportion,balance,all the things you think about when you think about great art."Great art"involved reason,the logic,the beauty that the Dadaists wanted to overthrow.

So,well,you know,to a Dadaist,classical artwork was a reflection of outdated thinking!That's why Dadaists created sculptures like the ones we saw last week.Remember the stool with the bicycle wheel mounted on top?I wouldn't exactly called that beautiful,would you?But of course it wasn't meant to be.That was the point!OK.So another key Dada idea we talked about was the embracing of randomness.Right?Uh,if life is random,said the Dadaists,why would we make art that has order and logic?And so we have that collage we looked at,with an artist took different,you know,cut-out squares of colored paper,threw them onto the canvas,and wherever they landed,that was the composition of the work!Another favorite of the Dadaists was something called chance poetry.A chance poet would pull words out of a hat and that would be,well,that would make up the poem!And this idea of chance and randomness was a key element of Dadaism because the whole world seemed so random to them.So now let's take a look at how Dadaist ideas represented to audiences in highly unconventional...well,I am not even sure how to categorize these theatrical events.I suppose you just have to call them shows.These shows started in Zurich in a place called the Cabaret Voltaire.The rejection of classical western art,well,you see this in the nature of what took place at the Cabaret Voltaire.They didn't put on plays or operas there.What they did was throw out all conventions.

They mixed everything and anything together.They would...it might start with somebody reading a poem.Then somebody else playing an instrument,followed by a display of paintings,followed by somebody else chanting,followed by somebody else banging on a big drum,and someone dressed in a robot costume jumping up and down.So it's not like a play.There's no real plot development here like you'd find in the traditional theatrical performance.The performers at the Cabaret Voltaire would also get the audience involved,which was extremely unusual.Think about a traditional play.The action's self-contained.The actors act as if there is no one watching,right?It's like a world unto itself.Well,at the Cabaret Voltaire,audience members could get up on stage and dance,or chant,or shout and sing from their seats.

And every night would be different,because there would be a different audience and a different set of acts and displays.So all these could get pretty chaotic.No barriers between the performers and the audience,and no barriers between kinds of art either.Think about it:poetry,paintings,music,dance...all on the same stage and often at the same time!

This is what the Dadaists had in mind.When they set out to make art that reflected their own idea of reality,it didn't make sense.But why should it?!

二、Dadasim托福聽力中文翻譯：

藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)的一部分叫做達(dá)達(dá)。但我不想讓你認(rèn)為我們上次介紹的想法僅限于繪畫、雕塑之類的東西。所以今天我想超越視覺藝術(shù)，談?wù)劚硌菟囆g(shù)和戲劇中的達(dá)達(dá)。

但讓我們先回顧一下什么是達(dá)達(dá)，好嗎？正如你所記得的，達(dá)達(dá)主義始于1916年的瑞士蘇黎世。研究達(dá)達(dá)主義的藝術(shù)家們反對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的美、理性和進(jìn)步觀念，這些觀念自18世紀(jì)以來一直是西方思想的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

他們環(huán)顧四周。我的意思是，第一次世界大戰(zhàn)正在肆虐，所以他們沒有看到世界上有多少美麗、理性或進(jìn)步。相反，他們看到了一個(gè)混亂、隨機(jī)的世界，一個(gè)沒有意義的世界。如果世界就是這樣，那么他們希望他們的藝術(shù)能反映出這一點(diǎn)。所以，讓我們回顧一下達(dá)達(dá)藝術(shù)的核心思想。

首先，達(dá)達(dá)主義者想要完全拒絕古典的藝術(shù)觀念。古典觀念，比如比例、平衡，當(dāng)你思考偉大的藝術(shù)時(shí)，你想到的所有東西。“偉大的藝術(shù)”包括達(dá)達(dá)主義想要推翻的理性、邏輯和美。

所以，你知道，對(duì)達(dá)達(dá)主義者來說，古典藝術(shù)是過時(shí)思想的反映！這就是為什么達(dá)達(dá)主義者創(chuàng)造了我們上周看到的雕塑。還記得上面裝著自行車輪子的凳子嗎？我不會(huì)稱之為美麗，對(duì)吧？但當(dāng)然，這不是注定的。這就是重點(diǎn)！好的，我們討論的另一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的達(dá)達(dá)思想是擁抱隨機(jī)性。正當(dāng)達(dá)達(dá)主義者說，如果生活是隨機(jī)的，我們?yōu)槭裁匆獎(jiǎng)?chuàng)造有秩序和邏輯的藝術(shù)？所以我們看到了這幅拼貼畫，一位藝術(shù)家用不同的，你知道的，彩色紙剪下的方塊，把它們?nèi)拥疆嫴忌希瑹o論它們落在哪里，這就是作品的組成！達(dá)達(dá)主義者的另一個(gè)最愛是一種叫做偶然的詩歌。一個(gè)偶然的詩人會(huì)從帽子里掏出文字，那就是，好吧，這首詩就是這樣寫的！這種偶然性和隨機(jī)性的觀念是達(dá)達(dá)主義的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素，因?yàn)閷?duì)他們來說，整個(gè)世界似乎都是隨機(jī)的?，F(xiàn)在讓我們來看看達(dá)達(dá)主義思想是如何以非常非傳統(tǒng)的方式呈現(xiàn)給觀眾的……我甚至不知道如何對(duì)這些戲劇事件進(jìn)行分類。我想你只需要稱之為表演。這些表演始于蘇黎世一個(gè)叫做伏爾泰歌舞廳的地方。對(duì)西方古典藝術(shù)的排斥，你可以從伏爾泰酒店發(fā)生的事情中看到。那里沒有上演戲劇或歌劇。他們所做的就是拋棄所有的習(xí)俗。

他們把一切都混在一起。他們會(huì)…可能從某人讀詩開始。然后有人在演奏樂器，接著是畫展，接著有人在唱歌，然后有人敲打大鼓，有人穿著機(jī)器人服裝上下跳躍。所以這不像一出戲。這里沒有像傳統(tǒng)戲劇表演那樣的情節(jié)發(fā)展。伏爾泰歌舞劇院的表演者也會(huì)讓觀眾參與其中，這是極不尋常的。想想一部傳統(tǒng)戲劇。動(dòng)作是獨(dú)立的。演員們表現(xiàn)得好像沒有人在看，對(duì)嗎？它就像一個(gè)自己的世界。好吧，在伏爾泰歌舞劇院，觀眾可以站在舞臺(tái)上跳舞，或者唱圣歌，或者在座位上喊叫和唱歌。

每天晚上都會(huì)不同，因?yàn)闀?huì)有不同的觀眾和不同的表演和表演。所以所有這些可能會(huì)變得相當(dāng)混亂。表演者和觀眾之間沒有障礙，各種藝術(shù)之間也沒有障礙。想想看：詩歌、繪畫、音樂、舞蹈……都在同一個(gè)舞臺(tái)上，而且常常在同一時(shí)間！

這就是達(dá)達(dá)主義者的想法。當(dāng)他們開始創(chuàng)作反映他們自己對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的想法的藝術(shù)時(shí)，這毫無意義。但為什么要這樣？！

三、Dadasim托福聽力問題：

Q1:1.What is the main purpose of the lecture?

A.To explain the historical conditions that inspired Dada artists

B.To discuss examples of Dada paintings and sculptures

C.To describe how Dada was presented theatrically

D.To show the influence of Dada on today’s performing artists

Q2:2.Why does the professor mention a stool with a bicycle wheel mounted on top?

A.To give an example of what Dadaists were reacting against

B.To show something that Dadaists would consider beautiful

C.To illustrate how Dadaists rejected the traditional definition of art

D.To explain the Dadaists'practice of creating sculptures from everyday objects

Q3:3.According to the professor,why did some Dadaist write poetry by pulling words out of a hat?

A.To reflect the randomness they saw in the world

B.To illustrate the connection between poetry performances and magic shows

C.To indicate that Dada should not be taken too seriously

D.To demonstrate that Dadaists did not need much formal training

Q4:4.What does the professor identify as aspects of traditional play?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.Characters each have their own motivation.

B.A plot is developed.

C.The play consists of several acts.

D.Actors ignore the audience.

Q5:5.According to the professor,what contributed to the chaotic nature of the performances at the Cabaret Voltaire?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.There were no professional actors.

B.The script was torn up and allowed to fall to the floor during the performance.

C.Different art forms shared the same stage.

D.The performances varied from night to night.

Q6:6.Why does the professor say this?

A.He does not approve of all the aspects of the shows.

B.He does not think the events can be easily defined.

C.He does not consider the shows to be authentic Dada.

D.He does not know enough about the events to categorize them

四、Dadasim托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：C

A2:正確答案：C

A3:正確答案：A

A4:正確答案：BD

A5:正確答案：CD

A6:正確答案：B

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