劍橋雅思13Test1閱讀passage2真題+翻譯(2)

劍橋雅思13Test1閱讀passage2真題+翻譯(2) 關(guān)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題下面小編就來(lái)為各個(gè)考生解答下。

劍橋雅思13Test1閱讀passage2真題+翻譯

READING PASSAGE 2

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 on pages 21 and 22.

Why being bored is stimulating 一 and useful, too

為何厭倦有刺激性和功能性?

This most common of emotions is turning out to be more interesting than we thought

厭倦這種最常見的情緒竟比我們想象得更有趣

Psychologist John Eastwood at York University in Toronto, Canada, isn’t convinced. ‘If you are in a state of mind-wandering you are not bored，’ he says. ‘In my view, by definition boredom is an undesirable state.’ That doesn’t necessarily mean that it isn’t adaptive, he adds. ‘Pain is adaptive 一 if we didn’t have physical pain, bad things would happen to us. Does that mean that we should actively cause pain? No. But even if boredom has evolved to help us survive, it can still be toxic if allowed to fester.’ For Eastwood, the central feature of boredom is a failure to put our ‘a(chǎn)ttention system’ into gear. This causes an inability to focus on anything, which makes time seem to go painfully slowly. What’s more, your efforts to improve the situation can end up making you feel worse. ‘People try to connect with the world and if they are not successful there’s that frustration and irritability,' he says. Perhaps most worryingly, says Eastwood, repeatedly failing to engage attention can lead to a state where we don’t know what to do any more, and no longer care.

加拿大多倫多約克大學(xué)的心理學(xué)教授John Eastwood不同意她的理論，“如果你的神志在突發(fā)奇想的游離狀態(tài)，那你就不是無(wú)聊厭倦的?！彼f(shuō)，“在我的概念里，厭倦是一種不受歡迎的情緒。”當(dāng)然這也不一定意味著它是非適應(yīng)進(jìn)化的，他補(bǔ)充道?！疤弁词沁m應(yīng)進(jìn)化的--如果沒有生理痛感，我們可能會(huì)陷入麻煩。但這是要我們主動(dòng)去觸發(fā)疼痛嗎?不是。但盡管厭倦情緒進(jìn)化出來(lái)是為了幫助我們生存下去，若是由著它惡化，它一樣是有害的。”在Easiwood的概念里，厭惓情緒最核心的特質(zhì)是阻止我們的“注意力系統(tǒng)”正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。這導(dǎo)致我們無(wú)法集中精力做任何事，而時(shí)間 流逝也因此緩慢得令人難以忍受。更嚴(yán)重的是，你若試圖改變現(xiàn)狀，最終會(huì)讓情況變得更糟?！叭藗儑L試著去和這個(gè) 世界建立聯(lián)系，如果他們失敗了，等待他們的是挫敗感和暴怒，”他說(shuō)。而令人擔(dān)憂的可能是，Eastwood說(shuō)，試圖集中精神卻總是徒勞，會(huì)導(dǎo)致我們走到—個(gè)不知何以為繼的狀態(tài)，并且也毫不在意了 。

Eastwood's team is now trying to explore why the attention system fails. It’s early days but they think that at least some of it comes down to personality. Boredom proneness has been linked with a variety of traits. People who are motivated by pleasure seem to suffer particularly badly. Other personality traits, such as curiosity, are associated with a high boredom threshold. More evidence that boredom has detrimental effects comes from studies of people who are more or less prone to boredom. It seems those who bore easily face poorer prospects in education, their career and even life in general. But of course, boredom itself cannot kill - it’s the things we do to deal with it that may put us in danger. What can we do to alleviate it before it comes to that? Goetz’s group has one suggestion. Working with teenagers, they found that those who ‘a(chǎn)pproach’ a boring situation - in other words, see that it’s boring and get stuck in anyway - report less boredom than those who try to avoid it by using snacks, TV or social media for distraction.

Easrwood的團(tuán)隊(duì)現(xiàn)在正在研究為何我們無(wú)法集中注意力。雖然還處于調(diào)研的初級(jí)階段，但他們認(rèn)為至少有一部分原因在于性格。厭倦的出現(xiàn)與一系列的性格特征相關(guān)聯(lián)。那些尋歡作樂(lè)的人群尤其容易遭殃。擁有其他性格特征的人，如好奇心強(qiáng)的人，較不容易產(chǎn)生厭倦情緒。對(duì)于厭倦的有害性，更多的證據(jù)來(lái)自對(duì)那些或多或少容易產(chǎn)生厭倦情緒的人的研究?？瓷先ジ资艿絽捑胗绊懙娜?，在教育、事業(yè)，甚至人生方面的前景更加暗淡。但當(dāng)然，厭倦本身并不會(huì)出人命，而是我們應(yīng)對(duì)厭倦的方式會(huì)致我們于險(xiǎn)境。但在產(chǎn)生厭倦之前，我們能如何減輕這些狀況呢?Goetz的團(tuán)隊(duì)有這樣一個(gè)建議。他們通過(guò)調(diào)查研究青少年的行為發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些主動(dòng)去“接近”一個(gè)無(wú)聊情形的人(換句話說(shuō)就是明知這個(gè)事情很無(wú)聊，還是選擇投身其中的人)，其厭倦程度會(huì)比那些嘗試用吃零食、看電視或用社交媒體來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)移注意力的人要低。

Psychologist Francoise Wemelsfelder speculates that our over-connected lifestyles might even be a new source of boredom. ‘In modern human society there is a lot of overstimulation but still a lot of problems finding meaning,，she says. So instead of seeking yet more mental stimulation, perhaps we should leave our phones alone, and use boredom to motivate us to engage with the world in a more meaningful way.

心理學(xué)家Francoise Wemelsfelder猜測(cè)，交互過(guò)密的生活方式可能是厭倦感的新源頭?！爱?dāng)今社會(huì)有越來(lái)越多的過(guò)度刺激，也導(dǎo)致了越來(lái)越多的問(wèn)題?！彼f(shuō)。所以，比起尋找更多的精神刺激，或許我們應(yīng)當(dāng)把手機(jī)放一邊，用厭倦來(lái)驅(qū)使我們用更有意義的方式參與到世界中來(lái)。

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