Antarctica劍橋雅思5-聽力原文翻譯及答案解析

一、Antarctica聽力原文：

Tonight I'm going to talk to you about that remarkable continent Antarctica-remote,hostile and at present uninhabited on a permanent basis.

For early explorers,it was the ultimate survival contest;

for researchers like me,it remains a place of great intellectual challenge;

while for the modern tourist,it's simply a wilderness of great beauty.

First,some facts and figures.

Antarctica is a place of extremes-the highest,coldest and windiest continent and over fifty-eight times the size of the UK.

The ice-cap contains almost 70%of the world's fresh water and 90%of its ice,but with very low snowfall,most of the continent technically falls unbelievably into the category of'desert'!

Huge icebergs break off the continent each year,while in winter half the surrounding ocean freezes over,which means its size almost doubles.

Research and exploration has been going on in Antarctica for more than two hundred years,and has involved scientists from many different countries,who work together on research stations.

Here science and technical support have been integrated in a very cost-effective way-our Antarctic research programme has several summers-only stations and two all-year-round ones;

I was based on one of the all-year-round ones.

The research stations are really self-contained communities of about twenty people.

There's living and working space,a kitchen with a huge food store,a small hospital and a well-equipped gym to ensure everyone keeps fit in their spare time.

The station generates its own electricity and communicates with the outside world using a satellite link.

Our station-Zero One-had some special features.

It wasn't built on land but on an ice-shelf,hundreds of metres thick.

Supplies were brought to us on large sledges from a ship fifteen kilometres away at the ice edge.

Living in the Antarctic hasn't always been so comfortable.

Snow build-ups caused enormous problems for four previous stations on the same site,which were buried and finally crushed by the weight.

Fortunately no-one was hurt,but these buildings became a huge challenge to architects who finally came up with a remarkable solution-the buildings are placed on platforms which can be raised above the changing snow level on legs which are extendable.

Food is one of the most important aspects of survival in a polar climate.

People living there need to obtain a lot more energy from their food,both to keep warm and to undertake heavy physical work.

Maybe you know that an adult in the UK will probably need about 1,700 kilocalories a day on average;

someone in Antarctica will need about 3,500-just over double!

This energy is provided by foods which are high in carbohydrate and fat.

Rations for fieldwork present an additional problem.

They need to provide maximum energy,but they must also be compact and light for easy transport.

Special boxes are prepared,each containing enough food for one person for twenty days.

You may be familiar with coffee processed by freeze-drying,which preserves the quality of the food product while making a large saving in weight-well,this type of presentation is ideal in our situation.

It wasn't available to earlier polar explorers,whose diet was commonly insufficient for their health.

I think that being at the cutting edge of science has a special appeal for everyone working in Antarctica,in whatever capacity.

As a marine biologist,my own research was fascinating;

but it's perhaps climate change research that is the most crucial field of study.

Within this general field,surveying changes in the volume and stability of the ice-cap is vital,since these may have profound effects on world sea levels and on ocean currents.

A second important area is monitoring the size of the hole in the ozone layer above Antarctica,since this is an indicator of global ultra-violet radiation levels.

Thirdly,bubbles in the ice-sheet itself provide an index of pollution because frozen inside them are samples of previous atmospheres over the past 500,000 years,and these provide us with evidence for the effects of such human activities as agriculture and industry.

There are an increasing number of opportunities for young people to work for a period in Antarctica-not only as research assistants in projects like mine,but also in a wide range of junior administrative and technical positions including vacancies for map-makers.

I hope that the insights I've provided will encourage you to take up these opportunities in this fascinating continent.

二、Antarctica聽力中文翻譯：

今晚，我要和你們談?wù)勀蠘O洲這片非凡的大陸——遙遠(yuǎn)、充滿敵意，目前永久無(wú)人居住。

對(duì)于早期的探險(xiǎn)家來說，這是一場(chǎng)終極生存競(jìng)賽；

對(duì)于像我這樣的研究人員來說，這仍然是一個(gè)智力挑戰(zhàn)極大的地方；

而對(duì)于現(xiàn)代游客來說，這只是一片美麗的荒野。

首先，一些事實(shí)和數(shù)字。

南極洲是一個(gè)極端的地方，是最高、最冷、風(fēng)最大的大陸，面積是英國(guó)的58倍多。

冰蓋包含了世界上近70%的淡水和90%的冰，但由于降雪量很低，從技術(shù)上講，大部分大陸都被劃為“沙漠”一類，令人難以置信！

每年都會(huì)有巨大的冰山從大陸上脫落，而在冬天，周圍一半的海洋都會(huì)結(jié)冰，這意味著它的大小幾乎是原來的兩倍。

南極洲的研究和探索已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了兩百多年，來自許多不同國(guó)家的科學(xué)家參與了研究站的合作。

在這里，科學(xué)和技術(shù)支持以一種非常具有成本效益的方式得到了整合——我們的南極研究計(jì)劃有幾個(gè)夏季專用站和兩個(gè)全年使用的站；

我是基于一個(gè)全年的。

研究站實(shí)際上是由大約20人組成的自給自足的社區(qū)。

這里有生活和工作空間，一個(gè)廚房和一個(gè)大型食品店，一個(gè)小醫(yī)院和一個(gè)設(shè)備齊全的健身房，以確保每個(gè)人在業(yè)余時(shí)間都保持健康。

該電站自行發(fā)電，并通過衛(wèi)星鏈路與外部世界進(jìn)行通信。

我們的站零一有一些特別的功能。

它不是建在陸地上，而是建在數(shù)百米厚的冰架上。

物資是用大型雪橇從15公里外的冰緣船上運(yùn)來的。

生活在南極并不總是那么舒適。

積雪給同一地點(diǎn)的前四個(gè)車站帶來了巨大的問題，這些車站被掩埋，最后被重量壓碎。

幸運(yùn)的是，沒有人受傷，但這些建筑對(duì)建筑師來說是一個(gè)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)，他們最終想出了一個(gè)非凡的解決方案——這些建筑被放置在平臺(tái)上，平臺(tái)可以升高到不斷變化的雪地之上，其支腿可以伸展。

食物是極地氣候中生存的最重要方面之一。

生活在那里的人們需要從食物中獲得更多的能量，以保持溫暖和承擔(dān)繁重的體力勞動(dòng)。

也許你知道，英國(guó)成年人每天平均需要1700千卡熱量；

南極洲的人將需要大約3500人——略高于兩倍！

這種能量是由碳水化合物和脂肪含量高的食物提供的。

現(xiàn)場(chǎng)工作的口糧還存在另一個(gè)問題。

它們需要提供最大的能量，但也必須小巧輕便，便于運(yùn)輸。

準(zhǔn)備了特殊的盒子，每個(gè)盒子里裝的食物足夠一個(gè)人吃20天。

你可能熟悉冷凍干燥加工的咖啡，它可以保持食品的質(zhì)量，同時(shí)大大減輕重量——好吧，這種展示方式在我們的情況下是理想的。

早期的極地探險(xiǎn)家沒有這種食物，他們的飲食通常不足以維持健康。

我認(rèn)為，處于科學(xué)前沿對(duì)在南極洲工作的每一個(gè)人都有著特殊的吸引力，無(wú)論以何種身份。

作為一名海洋生物學(xué)家，我自己的研究很吸引人；

但也許氣候變化研究才是最關(guān)鍵的研究領(lǐng)域。

在這一總體領(lǐng)域內(nèi)，調(diào)查冰蓋體積和穩(wěn)定性的變化至關(guān)重要，因?yàn)檫@些變化可能對(duì)世界海平面和洋流產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)影響。

第二個(gè)重要領(lǐng)域是監(jiān)測(cè)南極上空臭氧層空洞的大小，因?yàn)檫@是全球紫外線輻射水平的指標(biāo)。

第三，冰蓋中的氣泡本身提供了一個(gè)污染指數(shù)，因?yàn)楸鶎又袃鼋Y(jié)的氣泡是過去50萬(wàn)年中以前大氣的樣本，這些氣泡為我們提供了農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)等人類活動(dòng)影響的證據(jù)。

年輕人有越來越多的機(jī)會(huì)在南極洲工作一段時(shí)間，不僅是作為像我這樣的項(xiàng)目的研究助理，而且還擔(dān)任各種初級(jí)行政和技術(shù)職位，包括地圖制作人員的空缺。

我希望我提供的見解將鼓勵(lì)你們?cè)谶@個(gè)迷人的大陸抓住這些機(jī)會(huì)。

三、Antarctica聽力問題：

Question 31-40

Complete the notes below.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.ANTARCTICA

GEOGRAPHY

?world's highest,coldest and windiest continent

?more than times as big as the UK

?most of the area is classified as

RESEARCH STATIONS

?international teams work together

?is integrated with technical support

?stations contain accommodation,work areas,a kitchen,a and a gym

?supplies were brought to Zero One station by sledge from a at the edge of the ice 15 km away

?problem of snow build-ups solved by building stations on with adjustable less

FOOD AND DIET

?average daily requirement for an adult in Antarctica is approximately

kilocalories

?rations for field work prepared by process of freeze-drying

RESEARCH

The most important research focuses on climate change,including-measuring changes in the ice-cap(because of effects on sea levels and)

?monitoring the hole in the ozone layer

?analysing air from bubbles in ice to measure caused by human

WORK OPPORTUNITIES

Many openings for people including

?research assistants

?administrative and technical positions

四、Antarctica聽力答案：

31.58

32.desert

33.science

34.hospital/small hospital

35.ship

36.platforms

37.3,500

38.currents/ocean currents

39.pollution/the pollution

40.young

五、Antarctica聽力答案解析

Question 31 58.more than...times as...as...這是一個(gè)非常典型的表達(dá)倍數(shù)關(guān)系的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，因而考生可以判斷出此題應(yīng)該填寫的是一個(gè)數(shù)字。

Question 32 desert.be classified as和fall into the category of是同義表達(dá)。

Question 33 science.此題考查的是考生的短期記憶能力。定位詞integrated在答題點(diǎn)之后才出現(xiàn)。

Question 34 hospital/small hospital.此題考查的是并列結(jié)構(gòu)，考生可以根據(jù)題目中并列的單詞看出答案是名詞詞組。

Question 35 ship.此題考生只要聽到sledge就可以判斷出答案。

Question 36 platforms.動(dòng)詞solve的名詞形式是solution。

Question 37 3，500.根據(jù)順序原則可以排除迷惑信息1700。

Question 38 currents/ocean currents.because of和since是同義表達(dá)，都可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表示原因的詞組。

Question 39（the）pollution.index of pollution表示的是污染的指數(shù)，此處的measure表達(dá)同樣的意思，都是表示衡量污染的情況。

Question 40 young.openings和opportunities是同義表達(dá)。

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