Two-party System托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

新托福聽力難度大，題型多，而且聽力和寫作、口語等部分也相關(guān)聯(lián)，可以說，是牽一發(fā)而動全身的地位。所以要想取得高分，需要以殘酷的、毫無疑問的、不存在任何僥幸的聽力實力為基礎(chǔ)。那么關(guān)于“Two-party System托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案”的內(nèi)容，下面由小編來給大家分享。

Two-party System托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

一、Two-party System托福聽力原文：

M:At the heart of the system of government called“democracy”is the institution of elections.The electoral system is the basic machinery by which popular government is exercised.And at the heart of the electoral system are political parties that organize voters and compete for support on issues.Participating in democratic politics means joining or supporting a political party.It means taking sides on central political issues.Political parties are the mechanism for selecting candidates and gaining support at the polls.Parties vary significantly in different countries,but all parties have certain common features.Political parties are voluntary organizations,generally national in scope,made up of people who agree to some degree on public policies.In the United States and Canada,political parties are stable,and each party tends to embrace a wide range of views and interests.The democratic institutions of these countries operate essentially on a two-party system.Why a two-party system?Or,should I say why has the two-party system prevailed in so many democratic states?For one thing,the essence of politics is debate;there must be someone to debate with.A one-party system means one party monopolizes power and talks only to itself.A one-party system can only be totalitarian,and therefore quite distinct from democracy.Yes,Sandra?

W:Isn’t it true that another reason we have two parties is because,uh,because liberal and conservative attitudes are basic human—uh,I mean they’re a basic part of our nature.In fact,almost everything that we think or do seems to come down to having—to there being two different ways of seeing the world.

M:That’s an interesting idea.We even have the saying,“There are two sides to every coin.”In every democratic society,there are generally two dominant parties—one for each side of the coin.In the United States,it’s the Democrats and the Republicans.In Canada,it’s the Liberals and the Conservatives.In both countries,the two parties are balanced enough so the minority party can become the majority by gaining an additional small share of the votes.The two parties have lasted so long because they have the ability to adjust to changes in events and in public opinion.But in addition to the two major parties,there are also several smaller parties on the margins of political power.There are lots of political factions that sometimes compete at elections.Parties are closely associated with various pressure groups,interest groups,lobbies,occupational organizations,and other groups that want to influence the decisions of the state.The purpose of each major party is to capture the legislative and executive organs of the state in order to get the party’s policies accepted.The aim of parties is to win elections.However,winning an election isn’t the same thing as capturing the power of the state.What really happens is,the state captures the winning party.Why is this?Well,for one thing,the experience of government tends to soften the contrasts of political debate.Government is a responsible business,while politics is a game with teams competing for victory.

W:Excuse me,Dr.Reed,but isn’t it—I mean,then what you’re really saying is,government and politics aren’t the same thing.You said that government is a serious business,but politics is like a game.

M:Right!Politics is a game.In politics,teams and individuals take risks,and there are winners and losers.Competition is the essence of politics.But with government,collaboration and compromise are necessary because the job has got to get done.So,why do we need political parties?We need parties because,for one reason,the process of policy formation takes place there.Parties maintain research offices and establish connections with press and citizens groups.This is how political parties develop information and thinking on major issues.The major parties retain enough differences so they can appeal to different groups of voters,and so they can offer alternatives to the independent voters who don’t vote purely on the basis of party loyalty.However,the party platforms tend to balance each other in the types of issues they take up.For example,when one party introduces a plan for education reform,the other party generally takes up education as well.

二、Two-party System托福聽力中文翻譯：

M：被稱為“民主”的政府體系的核心是選舉制度。選舉制度是人民政府行使權(quán)力的基本機制。選舉制度的核心是組織選民并在問題上爭奪支持的政黨。參與民主政治意味著加入或支持一個政黨。這意味著在核心政治問題上偏袒一方。政黨是選擇候選人并在投票中獲得支持的機制。不同國家的締約方差異很大，但所有締約方都有某些共同特征。政黨是自愿組織，通常是全國性的，由在某種程度上同意公共政策的人組成。在美國和加拿大，政黨是穩(wěn)定的，每個政黨都傾向于接受廣泛的觀點和利益。這些國家的民主體制基本上是在兩黨制的基礎(chǔ)上運作的。為什么是兩黨制？或者，我應該說，為什么兩黨制在這么多民主國家盛行？首先，政治的本質(zhì)是辯論；一定有人可以辯論。一黨制意味著一方壟斷權(quán)力，只與自己對話。一黨制只能是極權(quán)主義，因此與民主截然不同。是的，桑德拉？

W：我們有兩黨的另一個原因是，嗯，因為自由主義和保守主義的態(tài)度是人類的基本態(tài)度，嗯，我的意思是，它們是我們本性的基本組成部分。事實上，幾乎我們所想或所做的一切似乎都歸結(jié)為有兩種不同的看待世界的方式。

M：這是一個有趣的想法。我們甚至有這樣一句話：“每枚硬幣都有兩面?！痹诿總€民主社會中，通常都有兩個占主導地位的政黨，硬幣的每一面都有一個。在美國，是民主黨和共和黨。在加拿大，是自由黨和保守黨。在這兩個國家，兩黨都足夠平衡，因此少數(shù)黨可以通過獲得額外的少量選票而成為多數(shù)黨。兩黨之所以能持續(xù)這么長時間，是因為他們有能力適應事件和輿論的變化。但除了這兩個主要政黨之外，還有幾個處于政治權(quán)力邊緣的較小政黨。有很多政治派別有時會在選舉中進行競爭。政黨與各種壓力團體、利益團體、游說團體、職業(yè)組織和其他希望影響國家決策的團體密切相關(guān)。每個主要政黨的目的都是奪取國家的立法和行政機關(guān)，以使該黨的政策得到接受。政黨的目標是贏得選舉。然而，贏得選舉與奪取國家權(quán)力并不是一回事。真正發(fā)生的是，國家抓住了獲勝的一方。為什么會這樣？首先，政府的經(jīng)驗往往會緩和政治辯論的對比。政府是一個負責任的企業(yè)，而政治是一場團隊爭奪勝利的游戲。

W：對不起，里德博士，但不是嗎？我的意思是，那么你真正想說的是，政府和政治不是一回事。你說政府是一項嚴肅的事業(yè)，但政治就像一場游戲。

M：對！政治是一場游戲。在政治中，團隊和個人都要冒險，有贏家也有輸家。競爭是政治的本質(zhì)。但與政府合作和妥協(xié)是必要的，因為這項工作必須完成。那么，我們?yōu)槭裁葱枰h呢？我們需要政黨，因為有一個原因，政策制定的過程就發(fā)生在那里。締約方設(shè)有研究辦公室，并與新聞界和公民團體建立聯(lián)系。這就是政黨在重大問題上發(fā)展信息和思考的方式。主要政黨保留了足夠的分歧，這樣他們就可以吸引不同的選民群體，也就可以為那些不純粹基于政黨忠誠投票的獨立選民提供替代方案。然而，政黨綱領(lǐng)往往在所涉及的問題類型上相互平衡。例如，當一方提出教育改革計劃時，另一方通常也會接受教育。

三、Two-party System托福聽力問題：

Q1:1.How does the professor develop the topic of political parties?

A.By comparing the goals of different parties&nbsp

B.By promoting the views of a specific party

C.By describing parties in a two-party system&nbsp

D.By explaining how to organize a party

Q2:2.Why does the professor say this:

A.To test the students’knowledge of parties

B.To find out which party the students support

C.To introduce a point that he will make

D.To show that all states have a two-party system

Q3:3.What does the professor imply about political parties?

A.Parties make decisions based on the interests of several organizations.

B.Parties can never accomplish everything that they would like to do.

C.Parties carry on their work through the efforts of unpaid volunteers.

D.Parties are necessary in the exercise of democracy in national states.

Q4:What does the professor mean when he saysthis:

A.It is possible to enjoy politics but dislike government at the same time.

B.A political party cares about major issues,but a government doesn’t care.

C.Politics is about competition,while government is about responsibility.

D.Elections and government are like two sides of the same coin.

Q5:Why does the professor say this:

A.To show how major parties usually deal with the same issues

B.To suggest that both parties should give education more attention

C.To contrast the philosophy and methods of opposing parties

D.To point out which party is more concerned with education

四、Two-party System托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：C

A2:正確答案：C

A3:正確答案：A

A4:正確答案：C

A5:正確答案：A

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