Coral Reefs Marine托福聽(tīng)力原文翻譯及問(wèn)題答案

Coral Reefs Marine托福聽(tīng)力原文翻譯及問(wèn)題答案

一、Coral Reefs Marine托福聽(tīng)力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in a marine biology class.FEMALE PROFESSOR:So we have been fairly thorough in our discussion about coral reefs,which of course are prominent,oceanic features made of hard limestone skeletons produced by tiny coral animals.We've gone over where coral reefs are usually formed...along the edges of shallow ocean banks in tropical or subtropical regions,and the fact that they are declining at an alarming rate.

But I don't want to leave you with the impression that all is lost.There are several techniques being employed today that could prove useful in assuring the future of the reefs.Now,we've talked in depth about coral bleaching,or whitening,which as you recall,is a symptom of,well that the coral is suffering.As you know,coral is very sensitive to water temperature.Even though one or two degree Celsius rise in sea surface temperature for a relatively short amount of time can cause bleaching.

Recently,researchers have used data collected by monitoring surface water temperatures to improve the ability of a reef to recover from bleaching.One future possibility is that improved monitoring can help predict where and when bleaching will occur,which might potentially enable us to mitigate its effects.And there's another technique that's been experimented with to try to help coral reefs recover from bleaching.It's called coral transplantation.This involves moving young coral from a healthy reef onto a degraded reef,you know,in an attempt to regenerate the degraded reef by encouraging young healthy coral to take over.There has been some success with this,but it's still somewhat controversial.

Some scientists support it because,well for one thing,it means you don't have to rely on the existing coral to reestablish itself because it might not be able to.But in my opinion,transplanting coral should only be used as,well,as a last resort.I mean,this method is not only costly but it's...well,even if it's successful,it still fails to address the ongoing problem,the root causes of the degradation,which really is paramount to devising an effective solution.So I don't really take comfort in the successes they have had with transplantation.Perhaps some more constructive use of our time could be spent at researching corals that do survive,like in areas known as refugia.Refugia are areas on the reef that are seemingly,well resistant to bleaching.See,when coral reefs experience bleaching,it's rarely a case of the whole reef being affected.There are almost always pockets of coral on the reefs that remain unaffected.And these are often the lower areas of the reef,those located in deeper water,where temperatures are lower.

Now,we have evidence that corals in these locations are able to escape the destructive bleaching that affects portions of the reef in shallower or warmer water.So in my mind,it's these refugia that are the key components of overall reef resilience.These should be the area of concentration for researchers to locate and protect those regions as a way to sustain coral reefs.And we can also protect the reefs by protecting the surrounding ecosystems,like mangrove forests and seagrass beds.Both of these grow in coastal waters,often in the vicinity of coral reefs.By protecting these areas,we also protect the coral.Let's take,for example,the mangrove forests.Mangrove root systems have the ability to absorb and well trap sediments and pollutants in water that flows through them before they enter the ocean.This of course has beneficial results for the nearby coral reefs.And fisheries management is another key strategy.Over fishing can be seriously disruptive to coral.Let me give you a couple of examples.Overfishing certain species of fish and shellfish like snappers,barracudas and even lobsters.Well,all of these creatures feed on snails,worms and other organisms that eat coral.

So depleting the number of lobsters,for example,means that we are adding to the threat of coral decline.Sea urchins are another example.They eat algae and prevent it from overwhelming the coral.Since the disappearance of sea urchins from the waters up the coast of South Florida,many coral reefs there have been smothered by the uncontrolled growth of algae.

二、Coral Reefs Marine托福聽(tīng)力中文翻譯：

旁白：聽(tīng)一節(jié)海洋生物學(xué)課上的部分講座。女教授：所以我們對(duì)珊瑚礁的討論相當(dāng)透徹，珊瑚礁當(dāng)然是突出的海洋特征，由小型珊瑚動(dòng)物產(chǎn)生的堅(jiān)硬石灰?guī)r骨架構(gòu)成。我們已經(jīng)了解了珊瑚礁通常形成的地方…沿著熱帶或亞熱帶地區(qū)淺海海岸的邊緣，事實(shí)上它們正在以驚人的速度下降。

但我不想給你留下一切都失去了的印象。今天，有幾種技術(shù)被用來(lái)確保珊瑚礁的未來(lái)。現(xiàn)在，我們已經(jīng)深入討論了珊瑚白化，或者說(shuō)白化，正如你所記得的，這是珊瑚遭受痛苦的癥狀。眾所周知，珊瑚對(duì)水溫非常敏感。即使海面溫度在相對(duì)較短的時(shí)間內(nèi)升高一到兩攝氏度也會(huì)導(dǎo)致漂白。

最近，研究人員利用監(jiān)測(cè)地表水溫度收集的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)提高珊瑚礁從漂白中恢復(fù)的能力。未來(lái)的一種可能性是，改進(jìn)的監(jiān)測(cè)可以幫助預(yù)測(cè)漂白發(fā)生的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)，這可能使我們能夠減輕其影響。還有另一種技術(shù)正在試驗(yàn)，試圖幫助珊瑚礁從白化中恢復(fù)。這叫做珊瑚移植。這包括將年輕的珊瑚從健康的珊瑚礁移到退化的珊瑚礁上，你知道，通過(guò)鼓勵(lì)年輕健康的珊瑚接管，試圖再生退化的珊瑚。這方面取得了一些成功，但仍有一些爭(zhēng)議。

一些科學(xué)家支持這一觀點(diǎn)，因?yàn)?，首先，這意味著你不必依賴現(xiàn)有的珊瑚來(lái)重建自己，因?yàn)樗赡軣o(wú)法重建。但在我看來(lái)，移植珊瑚只能作為最后的手段。我的意思是，這種方法不僅成本高昂，而且……好吧，即使它成功了，它仍然無(wú)法解決當(dāng)前的問(wèn)題，即退化的根本原因，這對(duì)于設(shè)計(jì)有效的解決方案至關(guān)重要。所以我對(duì)他們?cè)谝浦卜矫嫒〉玫某晒Σ⒉桓械叫牢?。也許我們可以更建設(shè)性地利用我們的時(shí)間來(lái)研究存活下來(lái)的珊瑚，比如在被稱為避難所的地區(qū)。庇護(hù)所是珊瑚礁上的區(qū)域，似乎對(duì)漂白有很好的抵抗力?？矗?dāng)珊瑚礁經(jīng)歷白化時(shí)，整個(gè)珊瑚礁很少受到影響。珊瑚礁上幾乎總是有小珊瑚群未受影響。這些區(qū)域通常是珊瑚礁的較低區(qū)域，位于較深的水域，那里的溫度較低。

現(xiàn)在，我們有證據(jù)表明，這些地點(diǎn)的珊瑚能夠逃脫破壞性的漂白，這種漂白影響到淺水或溫暖水域的部分珊瑚礁。所以在我看來(lái)，正是這些避難所是整個(gè)珊瑚礁恢復(fù)力的關(guān)鍵組成部分。這些區(qū)域應(yīng)該是研究人員的集中區(qū)域，以定位和保護(hù)這些區(qū)域，以此維持珊瑚礁。我們還可以通過(guò)保護(hù)周圍的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)來(lái)保護(hù)珊瑚礁，比如紅樹(shù)林和海草床。它們都生長(zhǎng)在沿海水域，通常在珊瑚礁附近。通過(guò)保護(hù)這些區(qū)域，我們也保護(hù)了珊瑚。以紅樹(shù)林為例。紅樹(shù)林根系有能力在沉積物和污染物進(jìn)入海洋之前，吸收并很好地捕獲流經(jīng)它們的水中的沉積物和污染物。這當(dāng)然對(duì)附近的珊瑚礁有利。漁業(yè)管理是另一項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵戰(zhàn)略。過(guò)度捕撈會(huì)嚴(yán)重破壞珊瑚。讓我舉幾個(gè)例子。過(guò)度捕撈某些魚(yú)類和貝類，如鯛魚(yú)、梭魚(yú)甚至龍蝦。所有這些生物都以蝸牛、蠕蟲(chóng)和其他吃珊瑚的生物為食。

例如，龍蝦數(shù)量的減少意味著我們正在增加珊瑚礁衰退的威脅。海膽是另一個(gè)例子。它們吃藻類，防止藻類淹沒(méi)珊瑚。自從南佛羅里達(dá)州海岸的海膽消失以來(lái)，那里的許多珊瑚礁都被藻類不受控制的生長(zhǎng)所窒息。

三、Coral Reefs Marine托福聽(tīng)力問(wèn)題：

Q1:1.What is the lecture mainly about?

A.The transplantation of young coral to new reef sites

B.Efforts to improve the chances of survival of coral reefs

C.The effects of temperature change on coral reefs

D.Confirming the reasons behind the decline of coral reefs

Q2:2.According to the professor,how might researches predict the onset of coral bleaching in the future?

A.By monitoring populations of coral predators

B.By monitoring bleach-resistant coral species

C.By monitoring sea surface temperatures

D.By monitoring degraded reefs that have recovered

Q3:3.What is the professor's opinion about coral transplantation?

A.It is cost-effective.

B.It is long-term solution.

C.It is producing encouraging results.

D.It does not solve the underlying problems.

Q4:4.Why does the professor discuss refugia?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.To explain that the location of coral within a reef affects the coral’s ability to survive

B.To point out why some coral species are more susceptible to bleaching than others

C.To suggest that bleaching is not as detrimental to coral health as first thought

D.To illustrate the importance of studying coral that has a low vulnerability to bleaching

Q5:5.What does the professor imply about the impact of mangrove forests on coral-reef ecosystems?

A.Mangrove forests provide habitat for wildlife that feed on coral predators.

B.Mangrove forests improve the water quality of nearby reefs.

C.Mangrove forests can produce sediments that pollute coral habitats.

D.Mangrove forests compete with nearby coral reefs for certain nutrients.

Q6:6.According to the professor,what effect do lobsters and sea urchin have on a coral reef?

A.They protect a reef by feeding on destructive organism.

B.They harm a reef by taking away important nutrients.

C.They filter pollutants from water around a reef.

D.They prevent a reef from growing by preying on young corals.

四、Coral Reefs Marine托福聽(tīng)力答案：

A1:正確答案：B

A2:正確答案：C

A3:正確答案：D

A4:正確答案：AD

A5:正確答案：B

A6:正確答案：A

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