Primary Colors托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

Primary Colors托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

一、Primary Colors托福聽力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in a studio art class.

MALE PROFESSOR:OK...As-as you probably know,colors are,speaking,the basic colors from which all other colors can be made.But as you'll find out when you start working on your painting projects,the three primary colors–red,blue,yellow–don't always make the best secondary colors.

Combining red and blue,you'll probably never get a fantastic violet.To get a nice violet,you'll have to add white.  Combining yellow and blue,you'll almost never get a satisfactory green.You're better off using a pure green pigment....

The idea of"primary colors"–and specifically the idea of red,yellow,and blue being the primary colors–didn't exist until about 200 years ago.Until then,the dominant theory about color was one that had been proposed by Isaac Newton.Newton gave a scientific and objective explanation of colors.

He used a prism to break white light down into the various colors of the spectrum.And he theorized,rightly so,that different colors are essentially different wavelengths of light.But he made no mention of"primary"colors.That idea came from–or was at least published by–a man named Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.Goethe was a well-known author;He wrote many famous novels,plays,poems.So why did he start thinking about colors?

Well,Goethe was part of the Romantic Movement in western literature.And he was a Romantic,through and through,meaning that he explained objects and phenomena in terms of the spiritual,emotional impact they had,as opposed to explaining them in terms of their scientific nature.He rejected an objective understanding of color,in favor of a more subjective understanding.He believed that when we see color,it stimulates our emotions.And different colors appeal to or inspire different emotions in different people.FEMALE STUDENT:That sounds like psychology.MALE PROFESSOR:Well,color theory is used in psychology too.Some psychologists do use their field's version of color theory to diagnose and treat patients.Um...anyway,Goethe conducted a number of experiments trying to figure out which colors corresponded to which emotions.And in terms of that goal,he wasn't very successful.

But his experiments actually did show a lot about the relationships between colors themselves,about how colors change when placed next to other colors,about how they interact with one another.Scientists studying optics and chromatics today still marvel at his findings...But Goethe wasn't really able to establish a clear connection between colors and emotions.Then,in 1806,he received a letter from a relatively unknown German artist,a painter named Philipp Otto Runge.In the letter,Runge outlined his own color theory,specifically the connections he made between colors and emotions.And his ideas about what colors symbolize,about the emotions that different colors inspire were based on the colors red,yellow and blue.

Runge's choice of red,yellow and blue had nothing to do with what we know from modern-day chromatics,it had to do with Runge's complex system of symbolism,his experience of nature,particularly with his experience of the quality of light at various times of the day,morning,noon and night.So each color had a specific symbolic value.Well,four years later,Goethe published a book entitled Color Lesson.In Color Lesson,Goethe COINCIDENTLY cites the same colors as primary colors.At this point,Goethe was already a well-known author,so he was easily able to popularize this idea of primary colors,and specifically the idea of red,yellow and blue as THE primary colors.FEMALE STUDENT:But he didn't mention Runge?MALE PROFESSOR:Well,he did put Runge's letter in the book,at the end.But he added a disclaimer implying that Runge's letter didn't influence his work.Apparently,what Goethe was saying was that they just HAPPENED TO come up with the same theory at the same time.

二、Primary Colors托福聽力中文翻譯：

旁白：聽錄音室藝術課的一部分講座。

男教授：好吧……正如你可能知道的那樣，顏色是基本的顏色，所有其他顏色都可以從中產(chǎn)生。但是，當你開始繪畫項目時，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)，三原色——紅、藍、黃——并不總是最好的二次色。

把紅色和藍色結合起來，你可能永遠不會得到一個美妙的紫羅蘭色。要得到漂亮的紫羅蘭色，你必須加上白色&nbsp&nbsp；把黃色和藍色結合起來，你幾乎永遠不會得到令人滿意的綠色。你最好使用純綠色顏料。。。。

“原色”的概念——特別是紅色、黃色和藍色作為原色的概念——直到大約200年前才存在。在此之前，關于顏色的主導理論是由艾薩克·牛頓提出的。牛頓對顏色給出了科學客觀的解釋。

他用棱鏡將白光分解成光譜的各種顏色。他正確地提出了理論，不同的顏色本質上是不同波長的光。但他沒有提到“原色”。這個想法來自——或者至少是由一位名叫約翰·沃爾夫岡·馮·歌德的人發(fā)表的。歌德是一位著名作家；他寫了許多著名的小說、戲劇和詩歌。那他為什么開始考慮顏色呢？

歌德是西方文學中浪漫主義運動的一部分。他是一個浪漫主義者，徹頭徹尾的，這意味著他解釋對象和現(xiàn)象的精神和情感影響，而不是根據(jù)它們的科學性質來解釋它們。他拒絕對顏色的客觀理解，而支持更主觀的理解。他認為，當我們看到顏色時，它會刺激我們的情緒。不同的顏色吸引或激發(fā)不同的人的不同情緒。女學生：聽起來像心理學。男教授：嗯，顏色理論也用于心理學。一些心理學家確實使用他們領域的顏色理論來診斷和治療患者。嗯……無論如何，歌德做了很多實驗，試圖找出哪些顏色對應于哪些情緒。就那個目標而言，他不是很成功。

但他的實驗確實顯示了很多關于顏色之間的關系，關于顏色放置在其他顏色旁邊時如何變化，以及它們如何相互作用。如今，研究光學和色彩學的科學家仍然對他的發(fā)現(xiàn)感到驚訝……但歌德并沒有真正建立起顏色和情感之間的明確聯(lián)系。然后，在1806年，他收到了一封來自一位相對默默無聞的德國藝術家的信，一位名叫菲利普·奧托·倫格的畫家。在信中，倫格概述了他自己的顏色理論，特別是他在顏色和情感之間的聯(lián)系。他關于顏色象征什么以及不同顏色激發(fā)的情感的想法是基于紅色、黃色和藍色。

龍格對紅色、黃色和藍色的選擇與我們從現(xiàn)代色彩學中了解到的東西無關，它與龍格復雜的象征系統(tǒng)有關，他對自然的體驗，尤其是他對白天、早上、中午和晚上不同時間光線質量的體驗。因此，每種顏色都有特定的符號值。四年后，歌德出版了一本名為《色彩課》的書。在色彩課上，歌德巧合地引用了與原色相同的顏色。在這一點上，歌德已經(jīng)是一位著名的作家，因此他很容易地推廣了原色的概念，特別是紅色、黃色和藍色作為原色的想法。女學生：但他沒有提到倫格？男教授：嗯，他確實在書的最后寫了朗格的信。但他補充了一份聲明，暗示倫格的信沒有影響他的工作。顯然，歌德所說的是，他們碰巧在同一時間提出了相同的理論。

三、Primary Colors托福聽力問題：

Q1:1.What is the lecture mainly about?

A.Various ways color theory is used in different fields

B.Various ways artists can use primary colors

C.Aspects of color theory that are subject of current research

D.The development of the first theory of primary colors

Q2:2.What does the professor imply about the usefulness of the theory of primary colors?

A.It is not very useful to artists.

B.It has been very useful to scientists.

C.It is more useful to artists than to psychologist.

D.It is more useful to modern-day artists than to artists in the past.

Q3:3.Why does the professor mention Isaac Newton?

A.To show the similarities between early ideas in art and early ideas in science

B.To explain why mixing primary colors does not produce satisfactory secondary colors

C.To provide background information for the theory of primary colors

D.To point out the first person to propose a theory of primary colors

Q4:4.According to the professor,what were the results of Goethe’s experiments with color?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.The experiments failed to a connection between colors and emotions.

B.The experiments showed useful connections between color and light.

C.The experiments provided valuable information about the relationships between colors.

D.The experiments were not useful until modern psychologists reinterpreted them.

Q5:5.According to the professor,why did Runge choose the colors red,yellow,and blues as the three primary colors?

A.He felt they represented natural light at different times of the day.

B.He noticed that they were the favorite colors of Romantic painters.

C.He performed several scientific experiments that suggested those colors.

D.He read a book by Goethe and agreed with Goethe’s choices of colors.

Q6:6.What does the professor imply when he says this:Apparently,what Goethe was saying was that they just happened to come up with the same theory at the same time.

A.Many people have proposed theories about primary colors.

B.Goethe discovered the primary colors by accident.

C.Goethe probably developed the primary color theory before reading Runge’s letter.

D.Goethe may have been influenced by Runge’s ideas about primary colors.

四、Primary Colors托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：D

A2:正確答案：A

A3:正確答案：C

A4:正確答案：AC

A5:正確答案：A

A6:正確答案：D

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