劍橋雅思6Test4閱讀Passage2原文翻譯Do literate women make better mothers

劍橋雅思6Test4閱讀Passage2原文翻譯Do literate women make better mothers，今天中國(guó)教育在線就來(lái)為大家分析這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

Do literate women make better mothers

劍橋雅思6 Test 4 Passage 2閱讀原文翻譯

第1自然段

Children in developing countries are healthier and more likely to survive past the age of five when their mothers can read and write.Experts in public health accepted this idea decades ago,but until now no one has been able to show that a woman’s ability to read in itself improves her children’s chances of survival.

當(dāng)其母親能夠閱讀和寫作時(shí)，發(fā)展中國(guó)家的兒童會(huì)更加健康，有更大可能活過(guò)5歲。幾十年前，公共衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域的專家就已經(jīng)接受這個(gè)想法。但是直到現(xiàn)在，還沒(méi)有人能夠證明一名女性的閱讀能力可以提高孩子的生存機(jī)會(huì)。

第2自然段

Most literate women learnt to read in primary school,and the fact that a woman has had an education may simply indicate her family’s wealth or that it values its children more highly.Now a long-term study carried out in Nicaragua has eliminated these factors by showing that teaching reading to poor adult women,who would otherwise have remained illiterate,has a direct effect on their children’s health and survival.

大多數(shù)有識(shí)字能力的婦女在小學(xué)階段就學(xué)會(huì)了閱讀，而婦女受過(guò)教文章來(lái)自 雅思育的事實(shí)可能只是表明她的家庭比較富裕，或者表明它更加重視子女。現(xiàn)在，在尼加拉瓜開展的一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期研究排除了這些因素。它表明教授貧窮的成年女性閱讀（否則的話她們會(huì)仍然處于文盲狀態(tài)）對(duì)其孩子的健康和成活率有直接影響。

第3自然段

In 1979,the government of Nicaragua established a number of social programmes,including a National Literacy Crusade.By 1985,about 300,000 illiterate adults from all over the country,many of whom had never attended primary school,had learnt how to read,write and use numbers.

1979年，尼加拉瓜政府開啟了許多社會(huì)計(jì)劃，其中就有“全國(guó)掃盲運(yùn)動(dòng)”。到1985年，約30萬(wàn)來(lái)自全國(guó)各地的文盲成年人（其中許多人從未上過(guò)小學(xué)）已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了如何閱讀，書寫和使用數(shù)字。

第4自然段

During this period,researchers from the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine,the Central American Institute of Health in Nicaragua,the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua and the Costa Rican Institute of Health interviewed nearly 3,000 women,some of whom had learnt to read as children,some during the literacy crusade and some who had never learnt at all.The women were asked how many children they had given birth to and how many of them had died in infancy.The research teams also examined the surviving children to find out how well-nourished they were.

在此期間，利物浦熱帶醫(yī)學(xué)院，尼加拉瓜中美洲衛(wèi)生研究院，尼加拉瓜國(guó)立自治大學(xué)和哥斯達(dá)黎加衛(wèi)生研究院的研究人員采訪了近3,000名婦女。其中一些人在還是孩子的時(shí)候就學(xué)會(huì)了閱讀，有些在掃盲運(yùn)動(dòng)中學(xué)會(huì)了閱讀，而有些根本沒(méi)學(xué)過(guò)。這些婦女被問(wèn)到他們生育了多少個(gè)孩子，以及其中有多少個(gè)在嬰兒階段就已經(jīng)死亡。研究小組還檢查了幸存的孩子，以了解他們的營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀況

第5自然段

The investigators’findings were striking.In the late 1970s,the infant mortality rate for the children of illiterate mothers was around 110 deaths per thousand live births.At this point in their lives,those mothers who later went on to learn to read had a similar level of child mortality(105/1000).For women educated in primary school,however,the infant mortality rate was significantly lower,at 80 per thousand.

研究人員的發(fā)現(xiàn)令人震驚。20世紀(jì)70年代后期，文盲母親的孩子在嬰兒階段的死亡率約為千分之110。在這一時(shí)間點(diǎn)上，后來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)閱讀的母親擁有相似的兒童死亡率（105/1000）。但是，對(duì)于在小學(xué)階段受過(guò)教育的婦女來(lái)說(shuō)，嬰兒死亡率要低得多，為每千人80。

第6自然段

In 1985,after the National Literacy Crusade had ended,the infant mortality figures for those who remained illiterate and for those educated in primary school remained more or less unchanged.For those women who learnt to read through the campaign,the infant mortality rate was 84 per thousand,an impressive 21 points lower than for those women who were still illiterate.The children of the newly-literate mothers were also better nourished than those of women who could not read.

1985年，全國(guó)掃盲運(yùn)動(dòng)結(jié)束后，文盲女性和在小學(xué)階段接受過(guò)教育的女性的嬰兒死亡率基本保持不變。對(duì)于那些在運(yùn)動(dòng)中學(xué)會(huì)閱讀的婦女而言，嬰兒死亡率為每千人84例，比那些仍然不識(shí)字的婦女低21個(gè)點(diǎn)。與那些不識(shí)字的婦女相比，新識(shí)字的母親的孩子也得到更好的營(yíng)養(yǎng)。

第7自然段

Why are the children of literate mothers better off?According to Peter Sandiford of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine,no one knows for certain.Child health was not on the curriculum during the women’s lessons,so he and his colleagues are looking at other factors.They are working with the same group of 3,000 women,to try to find out whether reading mothers make better use of hospitals and clinics,opt for smaller families,exert more control at home,learn modern childcare techniques more quickly,or whether they merely have more respect for themselves and their children.

為什么識(shí)字母親的孩子會(huì)過(guò)得更好？利物浦熱帶醫(yī)學(xué)院的彼得·桑迪福德說(shuō)，沒(méi)人知道確切的原因。兒童健康并未列入婦女課程的課程表，因此他和他的同事正在研究其他因素。他們繼續(xù)跟蹤同一組的3000名婦女，試圖找出讀書母親是否更好地利用醫(yī)院和診所，選擇較小的家庭，在家中擁有更大的發(fā)言權(quán)，更快地學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)代育兒技術(shù)，或者是否僅僅是更尊重自己和孩子。

第8自然段

The Nicaraguan study may have important implications for governments and aid agencies that need to know where to direct their resources.Sandiford says that there is increasing evidence that female education,at any age,is‘a(chǎn)n important health intervention in its own right’.The results of the study lend support to the World Bank’s recommendation that education budgets in developing countries should be increased,not just to help their economies,but also to improve child health.

尼加拉瓜的研究可能對(duì)那些需要知道應(yīng)該將資源分配到何處的政府和援助機(jī)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生重要影響。桑迪福德說(shuō)，越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)表明，任何年齡的女性教育都是“一項(xiàng)重要的健康干預(yù)措施”。研究結(jié)果為世界銀行關(guān)于增加發(fā)展中國(guó)家教育預(yù)算的建議提供了支持。這不僅是為了幫助其經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，而且是為了改善兒童健康。

第9自然段

‘We’ve known for a long time that maternal education is important,’says John Cleland of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.‘But we thought that even if we started educating girls today,we’d have to wait a generation for the pay-off.The Nicaraguan study suggests we may be able to bypass that.’

倫敦衛(wèi)生與熱帶醫(yī)學(xué)院的約翰·克萊蘭德說(shuō)：“很久以來(lái)，我們就知道產(chǎn)婦教育很重要。但是我們認(rèn)為，即使我們現(xiàn)在開始對(duì)女孩進(jìn)行教育，我們也必須等待一代人才能獲得回報(bào)。尼加拉瓜的研究表明，我們也許可以繞開它。”

第10自然段

Cleland warns that the Nicaraguan crusade was special in many ways,and similar campaigns elsewhere might not work as well.It is notoriously difficult to teach adults skills that do not have an immediate impact on their everyday lives,and many literacy campaigns in other countries have been much less successful.‘The crusade was part of a larger effort to bring a better life to the people,’says Cleland.Replicating these conditions in other countries will be a major challenge for development workers.

克萊蘭德警告說(shuō)，尼加拉瓜的掃盲運(yùn)動(dòng)在許多方面都很特殊，在其他地方進(jìn)行類似的活動(dòng)可能行不通。眾所周知，向成年人傳授對(duì)他們的日常生活沒(méi)有直接影響的技能非常困難。而在其他國(guó)家，許多掃盲運(yùn)動(dòng)并沒(méi)有那么成功。克萊蘭德說(shuō)：“掃盲運(yùn)動(dòng)是為給人民帶來(lái)更好生活的更大努力的一部分。”在其他國(guó)家復(fù)制這些條件將是發(fā)展工作者面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn)。

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