托福tpo55聽力lecture1 First Public Art Museum

2023-06-27 13:49:14 來源：中國教育在線

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First Public Art Museum托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

一、First Public Art Museum托福聽力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in an art history class. 

MALE PROFESSOR:OK,so we’ve all heard of the Louvre,right?Maybe the most famous art museum in Paris,France?In 1793 the Louvre was the first museum to open its doors to the public.Up till then,there were lots of private museums…private collections in the homes of Europe’s royalty and nobility…but only a select few were invited to see those works of art.The idea of a public museum was,in essence,a new one.

Now,when the Louvre opened as a public museum,it was free to all artists every day of the week.But to those who were not artists—y’know,the rest of the general public?Well,they were only allowed to visit the museum on certain days.And that’s because the public museum was first seen as a teaching institution—a place where past artistic achievements would be available to current artists to learn from. 

OK,so you see the first step was taken—from museums that were just private institutions owned by royalty…to the Louvre,a museum open to the public—with some restrictions.But then there was another shift…and that was brought about by a French painter named Alexandre Lenoir.Lenoir was a young and enthusiastic artist who’d been assigned to be the supervisor of a storehouse for artworks in 1791.

Y’see,the French Revolution was taking place at that time,and many national monuments and other works of art were getting damaged or destroyed.Consequently,a couple of large buildings in Paris were dedicated as storehouses for rescued artworks.Five years later,in 1796,Lenoir did something unique with the art in his storehouse—something never done before:he classified and displayed the paintings and statues by period and style.

So people began to notice—and admire—what Lenoir was doing.And soon,he transformed his storehouse into what would become the National Museum of French Monuments,which would later become a branch of the very Louvre that started this whole discussion.And,uh,what’s even more notable is that,Lenoir’s system of classification and display—it became a model for other public art museums…with each room in the museum representing a different century or period of art.Lenoir’s belief that a museum should be concerned with public instruction and offer education according to historical periods—this concept seems obvious now,but it was groundbreaking back then.

Interestingly,though,not everyone was,uhh…impressed with Lenoir…or with museums in general,for that matter.There were people—including some artists and historians—who were as much against museums as Lenoir was for them.In fact,some argued that museums would pretty much bring an end to art.They contended that works of art removed from their original context were…incomplete—that artworks ought to remain in the places…the mountains,towns,uhh…in the locations where they were originally created and viewed.

Take a painting created in an Italian seaside village,for example.Could that painting maintain its same identity once it was moved to a museum in France?Nowadays,most of us know and appreciate the fact that we can go to a museum and see many works of art from different time periods,artists,and countries.The fact that anyone can go into one place and see works of distant cultures,enjoy their beauty,and even find inspiration in them benefits us all.The Louvre clearly embraces this concept.But there are still some skeptics,people today who are just as skeptical of art museums as the critics were back in Lenoir’s day…and for all the same reasons.

二、First Public Art Museum托福聽力中文翻譯：

旁白：在藝術史課上聽講座的一部分；

男教授：好吧，我們都聽說過盧浮宮，對吧？也許是法國巴黎最著名的藝術博物館？1793年，盧浮宮是第一個向公眾開放的博物館。在那之前，有很多私人博物館……歐洲皇室和貴族的私人收藏……但只有少數(shù)人被邀請參觀這些藝術作品。公共博物館的概念本質上是一個新概念。

現(xiàn)在，當盧浮宮作為一個公共博物館開放時，所有藝術家每天都可以免費參觀。但是對于那些不是藝術家的人，你知道，其他的公眾呢？嗯，他們只允許在特定的日子參觀博物館。這是因為公共博物館最初被視為一個教學機構，一個過去的藝術成就可以供當代藝術家學習的地方；

好吧，所以你看，第一步是從皇室所有的私人機構博物館到盧浮宮，一個對公眾開放的博物館，有一些限制。但后來又發(fā)生了另一個變化……這是由一位名叫亞歷山大·勒諾爾的法國畫家引起的。Lenoir是一位年輕熱情的藝術家，1791年被任命為藝術品倉庫的主管。

你看，當時正在進行法國大革命，許多國家紀念碑和其他藝術品遭到破壞或毀壞。因此，巴黎的幾座大型建筑被用作搶救藝術品的倉庫。五年后，即1796年，勒諾瓦在他的庫房里對藝術做了一件前所未有的事：他按時期和風格對繪畫和雕像進行分類和展示。

因此，人們開始注意并欽佩勒諾爾的所作所為。不久，他將自己的倉庫改造成了法國紀念碑國家博物館，后來成為盧浮宮的一個分支，開始了整個討論。更值得注意的是，Lenoir的分類和展示系統(tǒng)成為了其他公共藝術博物館的典范……博物館中的每個房間都代表著不同的世紀或藝術時期。Lenoir認為博物館應該關注公共教育，并根據(jù)歷史時期提供教育，這一概念現(xiàn)在似乎很明顯，但那是開創(chuàng)性的。

然而有趣的是，并不是每個人都對Lenoir印象深刻，或者對博物館印象深刻。有些人，包括一些藝術家和歷史學家，他們和勒諾一樣反對博物館。事實上，一些人認為博物館將在很大程度上結束藝術。他們認為，從原始環(huán)境中移除的藝術作品是……不完整的，藝術作品應該留在原來創(chuàng)作和觀看的地方……山脈、城鎮(zhèn)，呃。

以一幅在意大利海濱村莊創(chuàng)作的繪畫為例。那幅畫搬到法國博物館后能保持原來的身份嗎？如今，我們大多數(shù)人都知道并欣賞這樣一個事實：我們可以去博物館，看到來自不同時期、藝術家和國家的許多藝術品。任何人都可以到一個地方去看遙遠文化的作品，欣賞它們的美麗，甚至從中找到靈感，這對我們大家都有好處。盧浮宮顯然包含了這一概念。但仍有一些懷疑者，今天的人們對藝術博物館持懷疑態(tài)度，就像勒諾爾時代的評論家一樣……出于同樣的原因。

三、First Public Art Museum托福聽力問題：

Q1:What is the lecture mainly about?

A.The influence of private art galleries on public museums

B.The role of art museums as teaching institutions for artists

C.The debate about the Louvre’s opening to the public

D.The early history of the public art museum

Q2:Why does the professor mention that artists were allowed to visit the Louvre every day?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.To point out that the public museum was conceived as a place for studying

B.To indicate that all citizens were able to visit the museum whenever they wanted

C.To question why certain artists did not spend time at the Louvre

D.To contrast the accessibility of art in the Louvre with that of art in private museums

Q3:Why does the professor mention the French Revolution?

A.To name an event depicted in Alexandre Lenoir’s artwork

B.To identify the theme of an exhibit room in the Louvre

C.To explain why art storehouses were created

D.To help explain some people’s attitude toward public museums

Q4:According to the professor,what major contribution did Alexandre Lenoir make to the art community?

A.He donated many original paintings to public museums.

B.He developed a systematic way of exhibiting art in museums.

C.He invented a unique way to restore damaged artwork.

D.He designed a national monument in post-Revolution France.

Q5:The professor gives an example of a painting made in an Italian seaside village.According to the professor,what would some skeptics say about that painting?

A.It should not be exhibited unless it appeals to people from a variety of cultures.

B.It should not be moved out of the geographic area in which it was created.

C.It should be exhibited in the Louvre before traveling to any other museum.

D.It should always be grouped with similar paintings in a museum.

Q6.What opinion about public art museums does the professor express?

A.They focus too much on entertainment and not enough on education.

B.They are more important to artists than to the general public.

C.Their way of exhibiting artwork needs to be modernized.

D.They succeed in allowing varied works of art to be appreciated in a centralized location.

四、First Public Art Museum托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：D

A2:正確答案：AD