Handness in Sport劍橋雅思7聽力-原文翻譯及答案解析

一、Handness in Sport 聽力原文：

My topic is handedness - whether in different sports it is better to be left- or right-sided or whether a more balanced approach is more successful.

I'm left-handed myself and I actually didn't see any relevance to my own life when I happened to start reading an article by a sports psychologist called Peter Matthews.

He spent the first part of the article talking about handedness in music instead of sport, which I have to say almost put me off from reading further.

But what I soon became struck by was the sheer volume of both observation and investigation he had done in many different sports and I felt persuaded that what he had to say would be of real interest.

I think Matthews' findings will be beneficial, not so much in helping sportspeople to work on their weaker side, but more that they can help them identify the most suitable strategies to use in a given game.

Although most trainers know how important handedness is, at present they are rather reluctant to make use of the insights scientists like Matthews can give, which I think is rather short-sighted because focusing on individual flexibility is only part of the story.

Anyway, back to the article.

Matthews found a German study which looked at what he called ‘mixed-handedness’, that is, the capacity to use both left and right hands equally.

It looked at mixed-handedness in 40 musicians on a variety of instruments.

Researchers examined a number of variables, e.g. type of instrument played, regularity of practice undertaken and length of time playing instrument...

and found the following: keyboard players had high levels of mixed-handedness, whereas string players like cellists and violinists strongly favoured one hand.

Also those who started younger were more mixed-handed.

Matthews also reports studies of handedness in apes.

Apes get a large proportion of their food by ‘fishing’ ants from ant hills.

The studies show that apes, like humans, show handedness - though for them right- and left-handedness is about equal, whereas about 85% of humans are right-handed.

Studies showed that apes consistently using the same hand fished out 30% more ants than those varying between the two.

Matthews started researching several different sports and found different types of handedness in each.

By the way, he uses ‘handcdncss’ to refer to the dominant side for feet and eyes as well as hands.

Anyway, his team measured the hand, feet and eyes of 2,611 players and found that there were really three main types of laterality: mixed - you work equally well on both sides - both hand and eye;

single - you tend to favour one side but both hand and eye favour the same side;

and cross-laterality - a player's hands and eyes favour only one side but they are opposite sides.

Let's start with hockey.

Matthews found that it was best to be mixed-handed -this is because a hockey stick must be deployed in two directions - it would be a drawback to have hand or eye favouring one side.

An interesting finding is that mixed-handed hockey players were significantly more confident than their single-handed counterparts.

Things are slightly different in racket sports like tennis.

Here the important thing is to have the dominant hand and eye on the one side.

This means that there is a bigger area of vision on the side where most of the action occurs.

If a player is cross lateral the racket is invisible from the dominant eye for much of the swing.

It means that they can only make corrections much later...

and often the damage has been done by then.

And moving to a rather different type of sport which involves large but precise movements -gymnastics.

It's been found that cross hand-eye favouring is best.

The predominant reason for this is because it aids balance - which is of course absolutely central to performance in this sport.

二、Handness in Sport 聽力中文翻譯：

我的主題是利手——在不同的運(yùn)動(dòng)中，左撇子更好——還是右撇子，或者更平衡的方法是否更成功。

我自己也是左撇子，當(dāng)我碰巧開始閱讀一位名叫彼得·馬修斯（PeterMatthews）的運(yùn)動(dòng)心理學(xué)家的文章時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己與自己的生活沒有任何關(guān)聯(lián)。

他在文章的第一部分討論了音樂中的用手習(xí)慣，而不是體育，我不得不說，這幾乎使我無法進(jìn)一步閱讀。

但我很快就被他在許多不同運(yùn)動(dòng)中所做的大量觀察和調(diào)查所打動(dòng)，我相信他所說的話會(huì)引起我的興趣。

我認(rèn)為馬修斯的研究結(jié)果將是有益的，不僅有助于運(yùn)動(dòng)員在弱隊(duì)中發(fā)揮作用，而且有助于他們確定在特定比賽中使用的最合適策略。

雖然大多數(shù)培訓(xùn)師都知道慣用手有多么重要，但目前他們很不愿意利用馬修斯等科學(xué)家所能提供的見解，我認(rèn)為這是相當(dāng)短視的，因?yàn)殛P(guān)注個(gè)人靈活性只是故事的一部分。

無論如何，回到文章上來。

馬修斯發(fā)現(xiàn)了一項(xiàng)德國的研究，該研究考察了他所謂的“混合用手”，即平均使用左手和右手的能力。

該研究觀察了40名音樂家在各種樂器上的雙手混用情況。

研究人員檢查了許多變量，例如演奏的樂器類型、練習(xí)的規(guī)律性和演奏樂器的時(shí)間長度。。。

研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：鍵盤手的混合手比例很高，而像大提琴手和小提琴手這樣的弦樂手則非常喜歡單手。

而且，那些開始年輕的人更加混血。

馬修斯還報(bào)道了猿類的慣用手研究。

類人猿通過在蟻丘上“捕魚”螞蟻來獲取大部分食物。

研究表明，類人猿和人類一樣，也有慣用手的傾向——盡管對(duì)它們來說是右手的——而左撇子的傾向大致相同，而大約85%的人類是右手的。

研究表明，類人猿總是用同一只手釣出的螞蟻比用兩只手釣出的螞蟻多30%。

馬修斯開始研究幾種不同的運(yùn)動(dòng)，發(fā)現(xiàn)每種運(yùn)動(dòng)都有不同類型的利手。

順便說一句，他用“handcdncss”來表示腳、眼睛和手的主導(dǎo)側(cè)。

無論如何，他的團(tuán)隊(duì)測(cè)量了2611名球員的手、腳和眼睛，發(fā)現(xiàn)實(shí)際上有三種主要的偏側(cè)：混合型-你在雙方都表現(xiàn)得同樣好-手和眼睛；

單身——你傾向于偏向一邊，但雙手和眼睛都偏向同一邊；

和橫向-球員的手和眼睛只偏向一側(cè)，但它們是相反的。

讓我們從曲棍球開始。

馬修斯發(fā)現(xiàn)，最好是雙手混用——這是因?yàn)榍髑虬舯仨毘瘍蓚€(gè)方向展開——手或眼偏向一側(cè)是一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)。

一個(gè)有趣的發(fā)現(xiàn)是，混手曲棍球運(yùn)動(dòng)員比單手曲棍球運(yùn)動(dòng)員更自信。

網(wǎng)球等球拍運(yùn)動(dòng)的情況略有不同。

在這里，重要的是讓主導(dǎo)的手和眼睛在一邊。

這意味著在大部分動(dòng)作發(fā)生的一側(cè)有更大的視野。

如果球員是橫向的，在大部分揮桿過程中，主眼看不到球拍。

這意味著他們只能在很久以后進(jìn)行更正。。。

通常到那時(shí)，損害已經(jīng)造成了。

并轉(zhuǎn)向一種完全不同的運(yùn)動(dòng)類型，包括大型但精確的動(dòng)作——體操。

人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，對(duì)手眼的偏愛是最好的。

這主要是因?yàn)樗兄谄胶狻@當(dāng)然是這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)表現(xiàn)的絕對(duì)核心。

三、Handness in Sport 聽力問題：

Question 31-35

Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

31.Anita first felt the Matthews article was of value when she realized

A. how it would help her difficulties with left-handedness.

B. the relevance of connections he made with music.

C. the impressive size of his research project.

32.Anita feels that the findings on handedness will be of value in

A. helping sportspeople identify their weaknesses.

B. aiding sportspeople as they plan tactics for each game.

C. developing suitable training programmes for sportspeople.

33.Anita feels that most sports coaches

A. know nothing about the influence of handedness.

B. focus on the wrong aspects of performance.

C. underestimate what science has to offer sport.

34.A German study showed there was greater 'mixed handedness' in musicians who

A. started playing instruments in early youth.

B. play a string instrument such as the violin.

C. practise a great deal on their instrument.

35.Studies on ape behaviour show that

A. apes which always use the same hand to get food are most successful.

B. apes have the same proportion of left- and right-handers as humans.

C. more apes are left-handed than right-handed.

Question 36-40

Complete the table below.

Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Sport

Best laterality

Comments

Hockey

mixed laterality

? hockey stick has to be used in

? mixed-handed players found to be much more 　　　　 than others

Tennis

single laterality

? gives a larger relevant field of

? cross-lateral players make 　too late

Gymnastics

cross laterality

? gymnasts’  is important for performances

四、Handness in Sport 聽力答案：

31.C

32.B

33.C

34.A

35.A

36.2 directions

37.confident

38.vision

39.corrections

40.balance

五、Handness in Sport 聽力答案解析

31. C　通過題干分析，第 31 題考生需要鎖定的信息是這個(gè)做課堂陳述的女生從什么時(shí)候開始意識(shí)到馬修的文章有價(jià)值。錄音中女生介紹說的 But what I soon became struck by was the sheer volume of both observation and investigation he had done in many different sports... 對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)信息 the impressive size of his research project.，確定答案為 C。

32. B　通過題干分析，第 32 題考生需要鎖定的信息是女生認(rèn)為這個(gè)左右手用手習(xí)慣的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)哪方面有價(jià)值。當(dāng)錄音中女生介紹說的 ...not so much in helping sportspeople to work on their weaker side, but more that they can help them identify the most suitable strategies to use in a given game. 對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)信息 aiding sportspeople as they plan tactics for each game.，確定答案為 B。

33. C　通過題干分析，第 33 題考生需要鎖定的信息是女生認(rèn)為大多數(shù)教練是……。在錄音中，女生介紹說 Although most trainers know how important handedness is...，trainers 對(duì)應(yīng)的是試卷上的 coach，考生要意識(shí)到答案即將出現(xiàn)。女生接著介紹說 ...at present they are rather reluctant to make use of the insights scientists like Matthews can give...，對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)信息 underestimate what science has to offer sport.，確定答案為 C。

34. A　通過題干分析，第 34 題考生需要鎖定的信息是一個(gè)德國的實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)在什么情況下音樂家有左右手混用的趨向。錄音中女生介紹說 Matthews found a German study... 時(shí)，考生應(yīng)該意識(shí)到第 34 題的答案即將出現(xiàn)。接著女生介紹了演奏不同樂器的人對(duì)左右手的喜好，最后總結(jié)說 Also those who started younger were more mixed-handed.，對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)信息 started playing instruments in early youth.，確定答案為 A。

35. A　通過題干分析，第 35 題考生需要鎖定的信息是“猿行為的研究表明……”當(dāng)錄音中女生介紹說 Matthews also reports studies of handedness in apes. 時(shí)，考生要意識(shí)到答案即將出現(xiàn)。 女生接著介紹說 Studies showed that apes consistently using the same hand fished out 30% more ants than those varying between the two.對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)信息 ...apes which always use the same hand to get food are most successful，確定答案為 A。

36. 2 directions　通過對(duì)試卷已給出的信息進(jìn)行分析，第 36 題應(yīng)填寫一個(gè)名詞。錄音中女生介紹說 Let’s start with hockey. 時(shí)，考生應(yīng)意識(shí)到答案即將出現(xiàn)，...this is because a hockey stick must be deployed in two directions...，對(duì)應(yīng)試卷上此題左右信息，答案為 2 directions。注意本題的答案要求 ONE WORD AND / OR A NUMBER，如果答案寫成 two directions，不能滿足字?jǐn)?shù)要求，所以必須寫成 2 directions。

37. confident　通過對(duì)試卷已給出的信息進(jìn)行分析，第 37 題應(yīng)填寫一個(gè)多音節(jié)的形容詞，因?yàn)榍懊娴男畔⑹?much more...，錄音中女生介紹說 An interesting finding is that mixed-handed hockey players are significantly more confident than their single-handed counterparts.。significantly 對(duì)應(yīng)試卷上的 much，答案確定為 confident。

38. vision　通過對(duì)試卷已給出的信息進(jìn)行分析，第 38 題填寫的應(yīng)為一個(gè)名詞。當(dāng)錄音中女生介紹說 Things are slightly different in racket sports like tennis 時(shí)，考生應(yīng)意識(shí)到第 38 題的答案即將出現(xiàn)。接著女生介紹說 This means that there is a bigger area of vision on the side where most of the action occurs.。bigger area of 對(duì)應(yīng)試卷上的 larger relevant field of，答案確定為 vision。

39. corrections　通過對(duì)試卷已給出的信息進(jìn)行分析，第 39 題填寫的應(yīng)為一個(gè)名詞，當(dāng)錄音中女生介紹說 If a player is cross lateral the racket is invisible from the dominant eye for much of the swing. It means that they can only make corrections much later...，對(duì)應(yīng)試卷上此題前后信息，答案確定為 corrections。

40. balance　通過對(duì)試卷已給出的信息進(jìn)行分析，第 40 題填寫的應(yīng)為一個(gè)名詞。當(dāng)錄音中女生介紹說 moving to a rather different type of sport which involves large but precise movements — gymnastics.，考生應(yīng)意識(shí)到第 40 題的答案即將出現(xiàn)。女生接著介紹說： It’s been found that cross hand-eye favouring is best. The predominant reason for this is because it aids balance — which is of course absolutely central to performance in this sport.。central 對(duì)應(yīng) important，答案確定為 balance。

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