雅思閱讀原文Cutty Sark原文及答案 卡蒂薩克號(hào)帆船

雅思閱讀原文Cutty Sark:the fastest sailing ship of all time卡蒂薩克號(hào)帆船，今天中國(guó)教育在線就來(lái)為大家分析這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

劍橋雅思13 Test4 Passage1閱讀原文翻譯

Cutty Sark:the fastest sailing ship of all time卡蒂薩克號(hào)帆船

雅思閱讀答案Cutty Sark:the fastest sailing ship of all time卡蒂薩克號(hào)帆船

第1段

The nineteenth century was a period of great technological development in Britain,and for shipping the major changes were from wind to steam power,and from wood to iron and steel.

英國(guó)在19世紀(jì)經(jīng)歷了巨大的技術(shù)發(fā)展。對(duì)于航運(yùn)行業(yè)而言，最主要的改變是從利用風(fēng)能變成了利用蒸汽能，從木材作為原材料轉(zhuǎn)向使用鋼鐵。

第2段

The fastest commercial sailing vessels of all time were clippers,three-masted ships built to transport goods around the world,although some also took passengers.From the 1840s until 1869,when the Suez Canal opened and steam propulsion was replacing sail,clippers dominated world trade.Although many were built,only one has survived more or less intact:Cutty Sark,now on display in Greenwich,southeast London.

史上最快的商業(yè)帆船是快速帆船。這種三桅桿的船舶被建造出來(lái)在世界各地運(yùn)送貨物，雖然有時(shí)候也搭載乘客。從19世紀(jì)40年代到1869年（該年蘇伊士運(yùn)河開(kāi)通，蒸汽動(dòng)力取代風(fēng)帆），快速帆船一直主導(dǎo)著世界貿(mào)易。雖然人們建造了許多船只，但只有一艘或多或少完整的保存了下來(lái)：卡蒂薩克號(hào)。它如今被陳列在倫敦東南部的格林威治。

第3段

Cutty Sark’s unusual name comes from the poem Tam O’Shanter by the Scottish poet Robert Bums.Tam,a farmer,is chased by a witch called Nannie,who is wearing a‘cutty sark’–an old Scottish name for a short nightdress.The witch is depicted in Cutty Sark’s figurehead–the carving of a woman typically at the front of old sailing ships.In legend,and in Bums’s poem,witches cannot cross water,so this was a rather strange choice of name for a ship.

卡蒂薩克號(hào)這一不同尋常的名字來(lái)自于蘇格蘭詩(shī)人Robert Bums的詩(shī)歌Tam O’Shanter。Tam是一個(gè)農(nóng)夫，被一名叫做Nannie的女巫追逐。女巫穿著“卡蒂薩克”，一種古老的蘇格蘭短款睡衣的名字。女巫的形象被用于卡蒂薩克號(hào)的船首雕像中-帆船前面通常都使用女性雕像。傳說(shuō)中，以及Bums的詩(shī)歌中，女巫無(wú)法穿過(guò)水域，因此對(duì)于船只來(lái)說(shuō)，選擇這一名字十分奇怪。

第4段

Cutty Sark was built in Dumbarton,Scotland,in 1869,for a shipping company owned by John Willis.To carry out construction,Willis chose a new shipbuilding firm,Scott&Linton,and ensured that the contract with them put him in a very strong position.In the end,the firm was forced out of business,and the ship was finished by a competitor.

卡蒂薩克號(hào)于1869年在蘇格蘭的登巴頓為一家屬于John Willis的航運(yùn)公司建造。為了完成建造工作，Willis選擇了一家新的造船廠，Scott&Linton，并確保在于他們的合同中處于優(yōu)勢(shì)地位。最終，這家工廠被迫破產(chǎn)，船只最終由其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者完成。

第5段

Willis’s company was active in the tea trade between China and Britain,where speed could bring shipowners both profits and prestige,so Cutty Sark was designed to make the journey more quickly than any other ship.On her maiden voyage,in 1870,she set sail from London,carrying large amounts of goods to China.She returned laden with tea,making the journey back to London in four months.However,Cutty Sark never lived up to the high expectations of her owner,as a result of bad winds and various misfortunes.On one occasion,in 1872,the ship and a rival clipper,Thermopylae,left port in China on the same day.Crossing the Indian Ocean,Cutty Sark gained a lead of over 400 miles,but then her rudder was severely damaged in stormy seas,making her impossible to steer.The ship’s crew had the daunting task of repairing the rudder at sea,and only succeeded at the second attempt.Cutty Sark reached London a week after Thermopylae.

Willis的公司在中國(guó)與英國(guó)的茶葉貿(mào)易中十分活躍。在這種貿(mào)易中，速度會(huì)給船主帶來(lái)利潤(rùn)和聲望，因此卡蒂薩克號(hào)被設(shè)計(jì)出來(lái)就是為了使其航程比其他任何船只都快。她于1870年首航，從英國(guó)出發(fā)，帶著大量的物品前往中國(guó)。然后轉(zhuǎn)載茶葉返航，在4個(gè)月內(nèi)回到倫敦。然而，由于糟糕的風(fēng)向和各種不幸，卡蒂薩克號(hào)從來(lái)都沒(méi)有達(dá)到過(guò)其主人的預(yù)期。1872年，有一次卡蒂薩克號(hào)和另一艘帆船Thermopylae在同一天離開(kāi)中國(guó)港口。在穿過(guò)印度洋的過(guò)程中，卡蒂薩克號(hào)領(lǐng)先400多英里，但隨后她的船舵在波濤洶涌的大海中嚴(yán)重?fù)p害，使其無(wú)法操控。船員不得不在海上進(jìn)行修理船舵這一令人氣餒的工作，并在第二次嘗試中才成功?？ǖ偎_克號(hào)于Thermopylae一周后到達(dá)倫敦。

第6段

Steam ships posed a growing threat to clippers,as their speed and cargo capacity increased.In addition,the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869,the same year that Cutty Sark was launched,had a serious impact.While steam ships could make use of the quick,direct route between the Mediterranean and the Red Sea,the canal was of no use to sailing ships,which needed the much stronger winds of the oceans,and so had to sail a far greater distance.Steam ships reduced the journey time between Britain and China by approximately two months.

隨著蒸汽船速度和運(yùn)載量的提升，它對(duì)快速帆船的威脅越來(lái)越大。此外，1869年（卡蒂薩克號(hào)在同一年下水）蘇伊士運(yùn)河的開(kāi)通也有很大的影響。蒸汽船可以利用這一地中海和紅海之間快速直接的通道，但運(yùn)河對(duì)于帆船來(lái)說(shuō)卻毫無(wú)用處。帆船需要大海更強(qiáng)的風(fēng)力，因此不得不航行更遠(yuǎn)的距離。蒸汽船將英國(guó)和中國(guó)之間的航程縮短了將近兩個(gè)月。

第7段

By 1878,tea traders weren’t interested in Cutty Sark,and instead,she took on the much less prestigious work of carrying any cargo between any two ports in the world.In 1880,violence aboard the ship led ultimately to the replacement of the captain with an incompetent drunkard who stole the crew’s wages.He was suspended from service,and a new captain appointed.This marked a turnaround and the beginning of the most successful period in Cutty Sark’s working life,transporting wool from Australia to Britain.One such journey took just under 12 weeks,beating every other ship sailing that year by around a month.

到了1878年，卡蒂薩克號(hào)不再受到茶葉貿(mào)易者的青睞。相反，她承擔(dān)起一些不那么重要的工作，在世界任意兩個(gè)港口間運(yùn)送各種貨物。1880年，船只上發(fā)生的暴力沖突最終導(dǎo)致船長(zhǎng)被更換。他是一名能力不足，并且偷竊船員工資的醉漢。他被吊銷工作，并任命了一位新船長(zhǎng)。這意味著轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)的到來(lái)。卡蒂薩克號(hào)開(kāi)啟了服役以來(lái)最為成功的一段時(shí)期，將羊毛從澳大利亞運(yùn)送到英國(guó)。一次這樣的航行只需要不到12周的時(shí)間，比當(dāng)年任何其他船只都要快上大約一個(gè)月。

第8段

The ship’s next captain,Richard Woodget,was an excellent navigator,who got the best out of both his ship and his crew.As a sailing ship,Cutty Sark depended on the strong trade winds of the southern hemisphere,and Woodget took her further south than any previous captain,bringing her dangerously close to icebergs off the southern tip of South America.His gamble paid off,though,and the ship was the fastest vessel in the wool trade for ten years.

船只的下一任船長(zhǎng)Richard Woodget是一名出色的領(lǐng)航員，將船舶和船員最好的潛力都激發(fā)了出來(lái)。作為一艘帆船，卡蒂薩克號(hào)文章來(lái)自老烤鴨雅思依賴南半球強(qiáng)烈的季風(fēng)，而Woodget則將它帶到了比之前任何船長(zhǎng)都更南的地方，接近南美洲南段危險(xiǎn)的冰川。然而，他的冒險(xiǎn)得到了回報(bào)，在十年的時(shí)間里，卡蒂薩克號(hào)是羊毛貿(mào)易中最快的船只。

第9段

As competition from steam ships increased in the 1890s,and Cutty Sark approached the end of her life expectancy,she became less profitable.She was sold to a Portuguese firm,which renamed her Ferreira.For the next 25 years,she again carried miscellaneous cargoes around the world.

由于19世紀(jì)90年代來(lái)自蒸汽船競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的加劇，再加上卡蒂薩克號(hào)接近其壽命的末期，她不再有那么強(qiáng)的盈利能力。她被賣給一家葡萄牙公司，并被重新命名為Ferreira。在接下來(lái)的25年里，她再次在世界各地運(yùn)送各種各樣的貨物。

第10段

Badly damaged in a gale in 1922,she was put into Falmouth harbour in southwest England,for repairs.Wilfred Dowman,a retired sea captain who owned a training vessel,recognised her and tried to buy her,but without success.She returned to Portugal and was sold to another Portuguese company.Dowman was determined,however,and offered a high price:this was accepted,and the ship returned to Falmouth the following year and had her original name restored.

她在1922年的一場(chǎng)大風(fēng)中受到嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞，被送到英格蘭西南部的法爾茅斯港進(jìn)行修理。Wilfred Dowman，一名擁有一艘訓(xùn)練船只的退休船長(zhǎng)認(rèn)出了她，并嘗試買下來(lái)，但沒(méi)有成功。她回到葡萄牙，被賣給了另外一家葡萄牙公司。然而，Dowman決心已定，并給了高價(jià)。價(jià)格被對(duì)方接受。一年后，船只回到法爾茅斯并恢復(fù)使用她最初的名字。

第11段

Dowman used Cutty Sark as a training ship,and she continued in this role after his death.When she was no longer required,in 1954,she was transferred to dry dock at Greenwich to go on public display.The ship suffered from fire in 2007,and again,less seriously,in 2014,but now Cutty Sark attracts a quarter of a million visitors a year.

Dowman將Cutty Sark當(dāng)作訓(xùn)練船使用。而她在他死后依然扮演著這樣的角色。但她在1954年不再被需要之后，她被轉(zhuǎn)移到格林威治的干船塢用于公眾展覽。2007年，這艘船遭遇火災(zāi)，并在2014年的時(shí)候再次經(jīng)歷了一場(chǎng)不太嚴(yán)重的火災(zāi)。如今她每年都吸引25萬(wàn)游客去參觀。

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