Discuss a Research Project托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

Discuss a Research Project托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

一、Discuss a Research Project 托福聽力原文：

NARRATOR: Listen to a conversation between a student and her sociology professor.

MALE PROFESSOR: I'm glad you got my message and were able to make it … but where are the other members of your group, Tom and Jane?

FEMALE STUDENT: They're actually at the library …. They have a biology lab assignment that's due later this afternoon … so I'm here to represent the whole group.

But, um, when we got your e-mail message—about being worried about our research project—we were a little confused. We thought you were excited about our idea for the project ….

MALE PROFESSOR: Well, I think it's a great research topic, but when I looked closely at your plan for accomplishing the research, I realized that your group was probably asking for some trouble.

FEMALE STUDENT: What do you mean? I thought that … you know … by monitoring students studying in the library, we could really, uh, get a good understanding of people’s study habits and stuff.

MALE PROFESSOR: The thing is … I think you might have a problem because of the Hawthorne effect.

FEMALE STUDENT: The Hawthorne effect?

MALE PROFESSOR: The Hawthorne effect is a technical term for when researchers … uh, more or less forget about a specific variable … the variable of the researchers themselves.

Now, the students in the library … they're going to know that you’re observing them, right?  So you have to consider the effect your very presence will have on the people you’re observing.

FEMALE STUDENT: But … so you think … I-I mean, it's not like our observations would be a secret ….  The students would know exactly what we'd be doing ….  I mean, we'd put up a sign right outside the library ….

MALE PROFESSOR: Yes … but that’s just it …. When people know they're being watched, they act differently. Let me explain how the Hawthorne effect got its name and … well, you'll get the idea.

See, there was a manufacturing facility called the Hawthorne plant. And researchers conducted some experiments there to see what conditions made workers the most productive.

FEMALE STUDENT: What sort of conditions?

MALE PROFESSOR: Well … one thing they experimented with was the lights …. Were workers more productive with bright lights or dim lights? Well, here’s the thing: Whatever the researchers did, the workers’ productivity increased. When the lighting was improved, productivity went up. When the lighting was dimmed, productivity went up again.

FEMALE STUDENT: That doesn't make a lot of sense.

MALE PROFESSOR: Exactly…. So initially, the experiment was considered a failure. But then the researchers realized that their own presence had affected the workers'productivity. The workers knew that the researchers were watching them, and with so much attention on them, the workers felt compelled to work harder.

FEMALE STUDENT: Oh … I guess that really could be an issue with my group's research.

MALE PROFESSOR: Yes…. But I don't want to send you all back to square one … so how about you set up a meeting with your group members and discuss this. Then we can meet again and go over your ideas … and I think that we should be able to figure out a way to get around the problem.

二、Discuss a Research Project 托福聽力中文翻譯：

旁白：聽一個學(xué)生和她的社會學(xué)教授之間的對話。

男教授：我很高興你收到了我的信息，并且能夠做到……但是你小組的其他成員湯姆和簡呢？

女學(xué)生：他們實際上在圖書館…。他們今天下午晚些時候有一個生物實驗室的任務(wù)……所以我來這里代表整個團(tuán)隊。

但是，嗯，當(dāng)我們收到你關(guān)于擔(dān)心我們的研究項目的電子郵件時，我們有點困惑。我們以為你對我們的項目想法很興奮…。

男教授：嗯，我認(rèn)為這是一個很好的研究課題，但當(dāng)我仔細(xì)看了你完成研究的計劃后，我意識到你的團(tuán)隊可能在自找麻煩。

女生：你是什么意思？我想……你知道……通過監(jiān)控在圖書館學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生，我們真的可以，呃，很好地了解人們的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣和東西。

男教授：問題是……我想你可能會有問題，因為霍桑效應(yīng)。

女生：霍桑效應(yīng)？

男教授：霍桑效應(yīng)是一個技術(shù)術(shù)語，表示研究人員……呃，或多或少忘記了一個特定變量……研究人員自己的變量。

現(xiàn)在，圖書館里的學(xué)生……他們會知道你在觀察他們，對嗎？所以你必須考慮你的存在對你觀察的人的影響。

女學(xué)生：但是……所以你認(rèn)為……我的意思是，我們的觀察結(jié)果并不是秘密&nbsp；學(xué)生們會確切地知道我們在做什么&nbsp；我的意思是，我們在圖書館外面掛了一個標(biāo)志…。

男教授：是的……但就是這樣…。當(dāng)人們知道自己被監(jiān)視時，他們的行為就會有所不同。讓我解釋一下霍桑效應(yīng)是如何得名的……好吧，你會明白的。

看，有一個叫做霍桑工廠的制造工廠。研究人員在那里進(jìn)行了一些實驗，以了解哪些條件使工人的生產(chǎn)力最高。

女學(xué)生：什么情況？

男教授：嗯……他們試驗的一件事是燈光…。工人在明亮的燈光或昏暗的燈光下是否更有效率？好吧，事情是這樣的：無論研究人員做了什么，工人的生產(chǎn)力都提高了。照明改善后，生產(chǎn)率提高了。當(dāng)燈光變暗時，生產(chǎn)率又提高了。

女生：那沒什么意義。

男教授：沒錯…。所以最初，這個實驗被認(rèn)為是失敗的。但后來研究人員意識到，他們自己的存在影響了工人的生產(chǎn)力。工人們知道，研究人員正在觀察他們，對他們?nèi)绱岁P(guān)注，工人們感到必須更加努力工作。

女生：哦……我想這真的可能是我小組研究的一個問題。

男教授：是的…。但我不想讓你們都回到原點……那么，你和你的團(tuán)隊成員開個會議討論一下怎么樣。然后我們可以再次會面，討論你的想法……我認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該能夠找到解決問題的方法。

三、Discuss a Research Project 托福聽力問題：

Q1:1.Why does the student go to see the professor?

A. To get his opinion about why a project she recently completed had unexpected results.?

B. To discuss how a topic covered in class is similar to her group's research topic.

C. To ask him for suggestions to address a problem in her research.

D. To discuss the professor's concern about her group's research project.

Q2:2.In response to the professor's question, what does the woman say about Tom and Jane?

A. They are working on an assignment for another class.

B. They are already observing students for the research project.

C. They are dealing with a technical issue at the library.

D. They are making arrangements at the library for their research project.

Q3:3.What had the group of students planned to research?

A. The effect of noise on the productivity of library employees.

B. The effect of changing the amount of light in the library.

C. The study habits of students in the library.

D. The effect that being observed while studying has on students.

Q4:4.Why does the professor mention lighting?

A. To explain why production costs gradually increased over the years at a manufacturing plant

B. To give a reason for a decline in productivity at two manufacturing plants

C. To compare the working conditions at two manufacturing plants

D. To give an example of a working condition that was adjusted at a manufacturing plant

Q5:5.Replay: Why does the student say this?

A. She is disappointed with the observations that the members of her group have made so far.

B. She does not understand the point that the professor is making.

C. She wants to determine a way for her group to make observations in secret.

D. She is aware that her group’s presence might affect student behavior.

四、Discuss a Research Project 托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：D

A2:正確答案：A

A3:正確答案：C

A4:正確答案：D

A5:正確答案：B

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