劍橋雅思6Test1閱讀Passage3原文翻譯Climate Change and the Inuit

劍橋雅思6Test1閱讀Passage3原文翻譯Climate Change and the Inuit，今天中國(guó)教育在線就來(lái)為大家分析這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

Climate Change and the Inuit

氣候變化與因紐特人

劍橋雅思6 Test 1 Passage 3閱讀原文翻譯

A部分

Unusual incidents are being reported across the Arctic.Inuit families going off on snowmobiles to prepare their summer hunting camps have found themselves cut off from home by a sea of mud,following early thaws.There are reports of igloos losing their insulating properties as the snow drips and refreezes,of lakes draining into the sea as permafrost melts,and sea ice breaking up earlier than usual,carrying seals beyond the reach of hunters.Climate change may still be a rather abstract idea to most of us,but in the Arctic it is already having dramatic effects–if summertime ice continues to shrink at its present rate,the Arctic Ocean could soon become virtually ice-free in summer.The knock-on effects are likely to include more warming,cloudier skies,increased precipitation and higher sea levels.Scientists are increasingly keen to find out what’s going on because they consider the Arctic the‘canary in the mine’for global warming–a warning of what’s in store for the rest of the world.

北極各地都有不尋常事件的報(bào)道。因提前解凍，乘坐雪地摩托去準(zhǔn)備夏季狩獵營(yíng)地的因紐特人發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被泥濘的海水隔絕了。有報(bào)道說(shuō)，因?yàn)榉e雪滴落并重新凍結(jié)，冰屋失去了其隔熱性；隨著永久凍土融化，湖水被排入海中；海冰比平時(shí)更早破裂，使海豹無(wú)法被獵人觸及。對(duì)于我們大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，氣候變化可能仍然是一個(gè)相當(dāng)抽象的概念。但是在北極，它已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響-如果夏季冰面繼續(xù)以當(dāng)前的速度縮小，則北冰洋可能很快在夏天變得徹底無(wú)冰。連鎖效應(yīng)可能包括氣候更加溫暖，天空更加多云，降水量增加和海平面升高?？茖W(xué)家們?cè)絹?lái)越渴望弄清楚正在發(fā)生什么，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為北極是全球變暖中“礦井里的金絲雀”，是對(duì)世界其他地區(qū)接下來(lái)發(fā)生事情的警告。

B部分

For the Inuit the problem is urgent.They live in precarious balance with one of the toughest environments on earth.Climate change,whatever its causes,is a direct threat to their way of life.Nobody knows the Arctic as well as the locals,which is why they are not content simply to stand back and let outside experts tell them what’s happening.In Canada,where the Inuit people are jealously guarding their hard-won autonomy in the country’s newest territory,Nunavut,they believe their best hope of survival in this changing environment lies in combining their ancestral knowledge with the best of modern science.This is a challenge in itself.

對(duì)于因紐特人來(lái)說(shuō)，這個(gè)問(wèn)題很緊急。他們與地球上最艱難的環(huán)境之一共同存在于不穩(wěn)定的平衡中。不論其成文章來(lái)自 雅思因如何，氣候變化都直接威脅著他們的生活方式。沒(méi)有人像當(dāng)?shù)厝四菢恿私獗睒O，這也是為什么他們不滿足于簡(jiǎn)單地退縮并讓外部專家告訴他們所發(fā)生的事情的原因。在加拿大，因紐特人在該國(guó)最新領(lǐng)土努納武特（Nunavut）捍衛(wèi)來(lái)之不易的自治，他們相信在這一正在變化的環(huán)境中生存的最大希望在于將其祖先知識(shí)與現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的精華相結(jié)合。這本身就是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。

C部分

The Canadian Arctic is a vast,treeless polar desert that’s covered with snow for most of the year.Venture into this terrain and you get some idea of the hardships facing anyone who calls this home.Farming is out of the question and nature offers meagre pickings.Humans first settled in the Arctic a mere 4,500 years ago,surviving by exploiting sea mammals and fish.The environment tested them to the limits:sometimes the colonists were successful,sometimes they failed and vanished.But around a thousand years ago,one group emerged that was uniquely well adapted to cope with the Arctic environment.These Thule people moved in from Alaska,bringing kayaks,sleds,dogs,pottery and iron tools.They are the ancestors of today’s Inuit people.

加拿大北極地區(qū)是一片廣闊而寸草不生的極地荒漠，一年中大部分時(shí)間都覆蓋著白雪。冒險(xiǎn)進(jìn)入這片土地，你就會(huì)對(duì)那些將其稱之為家的人所面臨的困境有所了解。農(nóng)業(yè)是不可能的，自然采集也很少。距今4,500年前，人類才開(kāi)始在北極定居，并通過(guò)利用海洋哺乳動(dòng)物和魚類生存。環(huán)境將他們逼到極限：有時(shí)殖民者成功，有時(shí)他們失敗并且消失。但是在大約一千年前，出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)非常適應(yīng)北極環(huán)境的群體。這些圖勒人從阿拉斯加遷移過(guò)來(lái)，帶來(lái)了皮劃艇，雪橇，狗，陶器和鐵制工具。他們是當(dāng)今因紐特人的祖先。

D部分

Life for the descendants of the Thule people is still harsh.Nunavut is 1.9 million square kilometers of rock and ice,and a handful of islands around the North Pole.It’s currently home to 2,500 people,all but a handful of them indigenous Inuit.Over the past 40 years,most have abandoned their nomadic ways and settled in the territory’s 28 isolated communities,but they still rely heavily on nature to provide food and clothing.

圖勒人后代的生活仍然嚴(yán)峻。努納武特（Nunavut）是一塊1900萬(wàn)平方公里土地。它布滿巖石和冰山，還包括北極周圍的一些島嶼。目前有2500人居住在這里。除了少數(shù)人之外，其他全都是土著因紐特人。在過(guò)去40年中，大多數(shù)人放棄了游牧方式，定居在該地區(qū)28個(gè)孤立的社區(qū)之中，但他們?nèi)匀粐?yán)重依賴自然來(lái)提供食物和衣物。

Provisions available in local shops have to be flown into Nunavut on one of the most costly air networks in the world,or brought by supply ship during the few ice-free weeks of summer.It would cost a family around f7,000 a year to replace meat they obtained themselves through hunting with imported meat.Economic opportunities are scarce,and for many people state benefits are their only income.

當(dāng)?shù)厣痰曛械奈锲繁仨毥?jīng)過(guò)世界上最昂貴的空中網(wǎng)絡(luò)之一運(yùn)到努納武特，或者在夏季少數(shù)幾個(gè)無(wú)冰周里通過(guò)補(bǔ)給船運(yùn)送。如果一個(gè)家庭用進(jìn)口肉類代替他們自己打獵所獲得的肉，他們每年將花費(fèi)7000英鎊。經(jīng)濟(jì)機(jī)會(huì)稀缺，對(duì)許多人來(lái)說(shuō)，國(guó)家福利是他們唯一的收入。

E部分

While the Inuit may not actually starve if hunting and trapping are curtailed by climate change,there has certainly been an impact on people’s health.Obesity,heart disease and diabetes are beginning to appear in a people for whom these have never before been problems.There has been a crisis of identity as the traditional skills of hunting,trapping and preparing skins have begun to disappear.In Nunavut’s‘igloo and email’society,where adults who were born in igloos have children who may never have been out on the land,there’s a high incidence of depression.

盡管氣候變化限制了狩獵和誘捕，因紐特人實(shí)際上并不太可能會(huì)餓死。但這無(wú)疑對(duì)人們的健康產(chǎn)生了影響。肥胖，心臟病和糖尿病開(kāi)始在一個(gè)之前從來(lái)沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)過(guò)這些問(wèn)題的人群中出現(xiàn)。隨著傳統(tǒng)的狩獵，誘捕和制皮技能開(kāi)始消失，身份認(rèn)同出現(xiàn)危機(jī)。在努納武特（Nunavut）的“冰屋與電子郵件”社會(huì)中，在冰屋中出生的成年人所生的孩子可能從來(lái)沒(méi)有在外地生活過(guò)，這造成抑郁癥的發(fā)生率很高。

F部分

With so much at stake,the Inuit are determined to play a key role in teasing out the mysteries of climate change in the Arctic.Having survived there for centuries,they believe their wealth of traditional knowledge is vital to the task.And Western scientists are starting to draw on this wisdom,increasingly referred to as‘Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit’,or IQ.‘In the early days,scientists ignored us when they came up here to study anything.They just figured these people don’t know very much so we won’t ask them,’says John Amagoalik,an Inuit leader and politician.‘But in recent years IQ has had much more credibility and weight.’In fact it is now a requirement for anyone hoping to get permission to do research that they consult the communities,who are helping to set the research agenda to reflect their most important concerns.They can turn down applications from scientists they believe will work against their interests,or research projects that will impinge too much on their daily lives and traditional activities.

有如此多的事情處于危險(xiǎn)之中，因紐特人決心在探索北極氣候變化的秘密方面發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用。在那里生存了幾個(gè)世紀(jì)，他們相信自己豐富的傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)對(duì)這項(xiàng)任務(wù)至關(guān)重要。西方科學(xué)家也開(kāi)始利用這種智慧，越來(lái)越多地將其稱為“Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit”或IQ?！霸缧r(shí)候，科學(xué)家來(lái)我們這里研究東西時(shí)都無(wú)視我們。他們只是認(rèn)為這些人了解不多，所以我們不會(huì)問(wèn)他們。”因紐特人領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和政治家約翰·阿馬戈阿利克（John Amagoalik）說(shuō)，“但是近年來(lái)，IQ有了更多的信譽(yù)和重要性”。事實(shí)上，咨詢當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是任何想要獲得許可進(jìn)行研究的人的基本要求。他們能夠幫助設(shè)立研究日程，以反映其最主要的關(guān)切。他們可以拒絕他們認(rèn)為會(huì)損害其利益的科學(xué)家的申請(qǐng)，或者拒絕可能對(duì)他們的日常生活和傳統(tǒng)活動(dòng)造成太大影響的研究項(xiàng)目。

G部分

Some scientists doubt the value of traditional knowledge because the occupation of the Arctic doesn’t go back far enough.Others,however,point out that the first weather stations in the far north date back just 50 years.There are still huge gaps in our environmental knowledge,and despite the scientific onslaught,many predictions are no more than best guesses.IQ could help to bridge the gap and resolve the tremendous uncertainty about how much of what we’re seeing is natural capriciousness and how much is the consequence of human activity.

一些科學(xué)家懷疑傳統(tǒng)知識(shí)的價(jià)值，因?yàn)閷?duì)北極的占領(lǐng)并不夠久遠(yuǎn)。然而，其他人指出，最北端第一個(gè)氣象站的歷史才可以追溯到50年前。我們的環(huán)境知識(shí)仍然存在巨大差距。盡管科學(xué)家們努力探索，但許多預(yù)測(cè)不過(guò)是最好的猜測(cè)而已。IQ可以幫助縮小差距，解決巨大的不確定性，即我們看到的情況中有多少是自然的反復(fù)無(wú)常，有多少是人類活動(dòng)的結(jié)果。

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