雅思考試閱讀材料推薦：“二手酒”的危害

雅思考試閱讀材料推薦：“二手酒”的危害，要考好雅思的閱讀部分，肯定需要多加練習(xí)。今天中國教育在線就來為大家分析這個問題。

閱讀材料1：雅思考試閱讀材料推薦：“二手酒”的危害

關(guān)于“二手煙”的危害，很多人都已經(jīng)很清楚了。那么，你聽說過“二手酒”嗎?其實“二手酒”的危害也是不容忽視的喔。

Secondhand drinking(SHD)is a term used to describe the ripple effects of a person’s alcohol misuse on families,co-workers,fellow students and society at large.

“二手酒”(secondhand drinking)指某人過度飲酒之后對家人、同事、同學(xué)以及整個社會帶來的一系列影響。

For example,friends and family members are the ones who have to try keep that person safe,watch after them if they pass out,clean up after them if they puke in their car,get over their feelings of being hurt by the mean things they’d said the night before while drunk,live with the constant fighting about the drinking behaviors.

比如，朋友和家人得想辦法保證飲酒人的安全;喝醉睡過去以后得在身邊看護他們;如果不幸他們在車上吐了，還得幫忙清理;要是喝醉的人頭天晚上說了什么傷人的話，也得自己慢慢消化;同時要不斷跟對方的飲酒行為作斗爭。

Something most of us do not fully understand is the physical and emotional consequence to the health of a family member or friend caused by repeatedly dealing with secondhand drinking(SHD).It is one thing if this is an occasional happenstance(although even that can be catastrophic–being the victim of a drunk driver,for example),but when it is ongoing–as is the case for family members or friends who live with or love an alcohol abuser or alcoholic–the emotional and physical health consequences can be significant.

我們很多人對于反復(fù)應(yīng)對“二手酒”對家人和朋友產(chǎn)生的生理和心理影響并不是很了解。偶爾飲酒過度可能影響不至于很惡劣(當然，酒后駕車的影響可能是致命的)，但是，如果你的家人或愛人恰巧是個嗜酒如命的人，那么由此產(chǎn)生的生理和心理問題就可能會很嚴重。

閱讀材料2：

Biologists in Japan have cloned 581 mice from one original donor mouse,Livescience reported.The scientists made the mice over 25 generations of cloning;that is,from making clones from clones from clones,25 times over。

根據(jù)Livescience的報道，日本生物學(xué)家用一只小鼠的基因供體克隆出581只小鼠。這些科學(xué)家們克隆了25代小鼠，即：用克隆鼠克隆新的小鼠，一共克隆了25次。

They could probably make animal clones indefinitely,the research team wrote in a paper published last week in the journal Cell Stem Cell。

研究團隊在上周發(fā)表在《干細胞》期刊中的論文稱，他們很有可能會讓動物無休無止地克隆下去。

Really.Check out the last sentence of their abstract:"Our results show that repeatediterative recloning is possible and suggest that,with adequately efficient techniques,it may be possible to reclone animals indefinitely."

是這樣嗎?我們來看看論文摘要的一句話：“我們的研究結(jié)果證明多代克隆是可能實現(xiàn)的。如果技術(shù)到位，那么克隆出無窮多代的動物都是可能的?！?/p>

The 581 cloned mice were made using an improved version of somatic cell nuclear transfer,the technique that created Dolly the cloned sheep in 1996.這581只小鼠是用改進后的體細胞克隆技術(shù)克隆得到的，這一技術(shù)最早是在1996年克隆多莉時發(fā)明的。

Previously,researchers using somatic nuclear cell transfer would get fewer and fewer animals every time they tried to make a clone from a clone.Eventually,they wouldn't get any new clones at all.Cloned mammals also often died sooner than their non-clonedcounterparts。

在此之前，運用體細胞克隆技術(shù)反復(fù)克隆動物時，被克隆的動物數(shù)量會越來越少，直到最終無法克隆出新動物為止。被克隆出的哺乳動物也會比非克隆的同類動物死得更早。

The cloning team protected the mice's DNA from the genetic abnormalities they(the humans)think reduced the efficiency of previous cloning efforts.The researchers didn't lose any cloning efficiency over their 25 generations,they reported,and their cloned mice lived normal lifespans of about two years。

這支研究團隊保護了小鼠的基因，使其不發(fā)生基因異常。他們認為，基因異常正是降低克隆形成率的罪魁禍首。研究者稱，這25代小鼠的克隆過程中克隆形成率并沒有降低，小鼠的壽命也很正常，約能生存兩年時間。

Cloning could help reproduce animals for farming or conservation,Sayaka Wakayama,a biologist at the RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology who led the cloning study,said in a statement。

日本理化研究所的生物學(xué)家若山清香是這次研究的負責(zé)人，他在一個聲明中提到，克隆技術(shù)可以繁殖動物，為農(nóng)業(yè)和動物保護服務(wù)。

This isn't the first time Wakayama has made some big strides in cloning.He previously cloned mice from bodies of mice that had been frozen for 16 years。

這已經(jīng)不是若山清香在克隆技術(shù)上的個重大成就了。此前他曾經(jīng)以一只冰凍了16年的小鼠為供體克隆出了一只小鼠。

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