Whether dinosaurs are warm blooded animals托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

Whether dinosaurs are warm blooded animals托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案，今天中國教育在線就來為大家分析這個問題。

一、Whether dinosaurs are warm blooded animals托福聽力原文：

Listen to part of the lecture in a biology class.

Professor:Until about 30 years ago,scientific opinion was pretty much unanimous in thinking that dinosaurs were cold-blooded creatures,and not warm blooded like mammals and birds.What are these terms cold-and warm-blooded mean?

Well,they are imprecise terms,a little bit inaccurate,but for the sake of consistency,I’ll continue to use them.

Warm-blooded animals,or technically,endothermic animals,are animals that use their own metabolism to maintain a relatively high,generally constant body temperature.They generate their own heat,whereas cold-blooded animals,uh,technically called endothermic animals,cold-blooded animals rely on the environment primarily to regulate their body temperature.And their body temperature can actually vary a great deal depending on the temperature surrounding them.

Now,as I said,mammals and birds are warm-blooded creatures,and we being mammals,you’re familiar with,you know,your body stays pretty much the same temperature all the time,whereas if you’ve ever seen,say,snakes or lizards you know,basking in the sun on the rock,you can see the characteristic feature of a cold-blooded creature that is using the environment to help regulate its body temperature.

As I said,until about 30 years ago,dinosaurs were,because they seem to most closely resemble reptiles,they were thought to be cold-blooded.Then about 30 years ago a number of scientists began to suggest the possibility that dinosaurs might in fact be warm-blooded.This was very exciting for a variety of reasons.Warm-blooded creatures are closer to us.They are more active.They move faster.They can live in a wider range of environments than cold-blooded creatures.So a lot of scientists kind of got on this bandwagon for warm-blooded dinosaurs.But unfortunately,a lot of the evidence for dinosaurs possibly being warm-blooded is indirect.Among the pieces of evidence is that the fossilized remains of dinosaurs have shown that certain kinds of dinosaurs had feathers.

Now,feathers in birds,one of their main functions,apart from helping certain birds to fly,is that they are an insulator.They preserve body heat,so by analogy,some people are argued,well,ok,if they were feathered dinosaurs,maybe they had feathers for insulation.Yes,maybe.But maybe not.

Another piece of indirect evidence is that some dinosaurs,uh,well,some dinosaur remains have been found in areas,latitudes that today have arctic climates and might in fact had very cold climates at the time that the dinosaurs were living there.It’s hard to function as a cold-blooded creature in an arctic climate.Unfortunately,we don’t have exact climate information.It’s only been suggested that these areas might have been as cold as they are today.So again,this is not,you know,not a knockdown argument in favor of dinosaurs being warm-blooded.

Another argument for the warm-blooded theory has to do with looking at the anatomy of dinosaurs and at the similarities with warm-blooded animals.If you look at what’s around today,well,let’s see,today anything that walks on two legs is warm-blooded.That goes for humans and some other primates,and birds like the ostrich,okay?Only warm-blooded creatures,you know,like ostriches,have upright posture.

Alright,so proponents of the idea that dinosaurs were warm-blooded say,well,look at dinosaurs,some of them had upright posture too.Coincidence?They say no,these two-legged dinosaurs were warm-blooded too.Okay,but on the other hand,as far as we can tell,dinosaurs lacked a body structure called the respiratory turbinate.Why is that significant?

Respiratory turbinate are these complicated structures inside the nasal cavity.They are aligned with soft tissue and their function is that as the air passes through these complicated kinds of curlicue passages,air coming in is warmed up,so that warm-blooded creature isn’t shocked by..Its lungs aren’t shocked by receiving cold air directly from the outside,which would really disturb its internal temperature.So unless there are some other mechanism that we don’t know about,it seems that these,that dinosaurs lacked this vital feature of all existing warm-blooded animals.

二、Whether dinosaurs are warm blooded animals托福聽力中文翻譯：

在生物課上聽講座的一部分。

教授：直到大約30年前，科學(xué)界一直一致認為恐龍是冷血動物，而不像哺乳動物和鳥類那樣是溫血動物。這些術(shù)語“冷血”和“溫血”是什么意思？

它們是不精確的術(shù)語，有點不準確，但為了一致性，我將繼續(xù)使用它們。

溫血動物，或者從技術(shù)上講，吸熱動物，是利用自身代謝來維持相對較高、通常恒定體溫的動物。它們自己產(chǎn)生熱量，而冷血動物，呃，技術(shù)上稱為吸熱動物，冷血動物主要依靠環(huán)境來調(diào)節(jié)體溫。它們的體溫實際上可以根據(jù)周圍的溫度變化很大。

正如我所說，哺乳動物和鳥類都是溫血動物，我們是哺乳動物，你很熟悉，你知道，你的身體一直保持幾乎相同的溫度，而如果你見過，比如說，蛇或蜥蜴，你知道的，在巖石上曬太陽，你可以看到一種冷血生物的特征，它利用環(huán)境來幫助調(diào)節(jié)體溫。

正如我所說，直到大約30年前，恐龍才被認為是冷血動物，因為它們看起來最像爬行動物。大約30年前，一些科學(xué)家開始提出恐龍可能是溫血動物。出于各種原因，這非常令人興奮。溫血動物離我們更近。他們更活躍。它們移動得更快。它們可以生活在比冷血動物更廣泛的環(huán)境中。所以很多科學(xué)家都加入了這種溫血恐龍的行列。但不幸的是，很多恐龍可能是溫血動物的證據(jù)都是間接的。證據(jù)之一是恐龍化石表明某些種類的恐龍有羽毛。

現(xiàn)在，鳥類的羽毛，除了幫助某些鳥類飛行外，它們的主要功能之一是它們是絕緣體。它們保存體溫，因此，通過類比，一些人認為，好吧，如果它們是有羽毛的恐龍，也許它們有羽毛來隔熱。是的，也許吧。但也許不是。

另一個間接證據(jù)是，在今天屬于北極氣候的緯度地區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些恐龍遺骸，事實上，恐龍生活在那里時，那里的氣候可能非常寒冷。在北極氣候中，很難像冷血動物一樣發(fā)揮作用。不幸的是，我們沒有確切的氣候信息。只是有人認為這些地區(qū)可能和今天一樣冷。所以再說一遍，這不是，你知道的，支持恐龍是溫血動物的論點。

溫血動物理論的另一個論點與恐龍的解剖結(jié)構(gòu)以及與溫血動物的相似性有關(guān)。如果你看看今天的情況，讓我們看看，今天任何用兩條腿行走的動物都是溫血動物。這適用于人類和其他靈長類動物，還有鴕鳥之類的鳥類，好嗎？你知道，只有溫血動物，像鴕鳥一樣，有直立的姿勢。

好吧，恐龍是溫血動物的支持者說，看看恐龍，有些恐龍也有直立的姿勢。巧合他們說不，這兩條腿的恐龍也是溫血的。好的，但另一方面，據(jù)我們所知，恐龍缺乏一種叫做呼吸鼻甲的身體結(jié)構(gòu)。為什么這么重要？

呼吸鼻甲是鼻腔內(nèi)的復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)。它們與軟組織對齊，它們的功能是當(dāng)空氣通過這些復(fù)雜的卷曲通道時，進入的空氣被加熱，這樣溫血動物就不會因為直接從外部接收冷空氣而感到震驚，而冷空氣會真正干擾其內(nèi)部溫度。因此，除非有我們不知道的其他機制，恐龍似乎缺乏所有現(xiàn)存溫血動物的這一重要特征。

三、Whether dinosaurs are warm blooded animals托福聽力問題：

Q1:What is the main purpose of the lecture?

A.To explain the differences between dinosaurs and modern-day animals

B.To present evidence for a theory that dinosaurs were warm-blooded

C.To describe the body structures of recently discovered dinosaurs

D.To compare the fossils of warm-and cold-blooded dinosaurs

Q2:There is evidence that some dinosaurs had feathers.According to the professor,why does this support the theory that dinosaurs were warm-blooded?

A.Feathers prevented dinosaurs’body heat from escaping.

B.Feathers show that dinosaurs were capable of flight.

C.Dinosaurs and birds descended from the same evolutionary ancestor.

D.Dinosaurs used feathers to absorb heat from the sun’s rays.

Q3:What does the professor imply about regions that now have arctic climates?

A.They can probably support both warm-and cold-blooded modern animals.

B.They might have been warmer in the past than they are now.

C.They are areas in which dinosaurs were never able to live.

D.They are good sources of fossils of feathered dinosaurs.

Q4:Why does the professor mention ostriches?

A.To point out that not all birds are able to fly

B.To cite evidence that dinosaurs were cold-blooded

C.To show that not all birds have respiratory turbinates

D.To give an example of an animal with upright posture

Q5:What is the professor's opinion of the theory that dinosaurs were warm-blooded?

A.It has changed our understanding of the term“warm-blooded.”

B.Thirty years ago it was not convincing,but today most evidence supports it.

C.It needs more evidence in order to be convincing.

D.Most of the evidence we have supports a different theory.

Q6:What does the professor imply when she says this:

A.Warming up air may not be as important a function as many scientists believe.

B.Cold-blooded animals may use a different mechanism from warm-blooded animals.

C.It is possible that dinosaurs had another way to warm up air they breathed.

D.Warm-blooded dinosaurs were probably very different from warm-blooded animals today.

四、Whether dinosaurs are warm blooded animals托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：B

A2:正確答案：A

A3:正確答案：B

A4:正確答案：D

A5:正確答案：C

A6:正確答案：C

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