托福tpo56聽力lecture3 Iceland

托福tpo56聽力lecture3 Iceland，那么接下來就跟著中國教育在線的小編詳細了解一下吧。

Iceland托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

一、Iceland托福聽力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in an archaeology class.

FEMALE PROFESSOR:We’ve been talking about techniques for locating and dating archaeological artifacts.Now,in some places,archaeological investigations are difficult,and we have to use some special techniques.In the country of Iceland,for example.Now...um...Iceland is a volcanic island located in the North Atlantic Ocean,and about ten percent of it is covered by glaciers.

MALE STUDENT:...so...is it too cold to work there?Or maybe everything is under the ice?

FEMALE PROFESSOR:Uh,no,that’s not the problem.It’s that Iceland has virtually no trees to hold down soil,and so there’s been a lot of erosion,especially erosion of soil from the highlands to lower coastal areas.And this erosion has buried much of Iceland under deep deposits of soil.And remember what I said about few trees?Well,with so little wood available,the earliest dwellings in Iceland were built mainly from compressed peat.

MALE STUDENT:Did you say,“peat”?

FEMALE PROFESSOR:Yes,peat...That’s a light kind of airy soil that comes from bogs and wetlands and contains a high proportion of decayed organic matter.Anyway,the peat can be compressed and dried and made into big,thick blocks.And that’s what the walls of the early Icelandic houses were made of,mostly.Now,since the walls of these old houses were made basically of a kind of soil,they’re really hard to locate underground...‘cause the material these buried structures are made of doesn’t differ very much from the soil that surrounds them.

FEMALE STUDENT:So how do ya find these peat walls,buried in all that other soil?

FEMALE PROFESSOR:Well,one way is to borrow a modern technique used by geophysicists... 

MALE STUDENT:Uh,sorry if you said this already...but uh...what are they looking for in Iceland anyway?

FEMALE PROFESSOR:Uh...yes,good question!Iceland,and stories about it...uh,Icelandic sagas...have intrigued people for centuries.The sagas seem to be historical accounts of actual Norse explorers and settlers...but since we’ve always lacked hard evidence to support the truth of the stories,they seem to be more like legends.There’s always been a draw,though,almost like a calling for some of us,to verify the truth of these stories.Historians,astronomers,navigators–they’ve all tried to find proof that people settled where the stories indicate.And we archaeologists have,too...by trying to locate dwellings,evidence of animal domestication,or farming or iron smelting–any signs of early settlement.

MALE STUDENT:Cool...are you talking about,like,the time of the Vikings?

FEMALE PROFESSOR:Yes,yes,that’s exactly it.One of these Icelandic sagas tells of some Viking explorers who were probably the first Europeans to cross the Atlantic and live in North America.

FEMALE STUDENT:North America?But I thought you were talking about Iceland.

FEMALE PROFESSOR:I am.See...the story tells of a Viking family from Iceland called Thorfinsson,who settled in North America for a few years,but then moved back to Iceland,which is not that far away.So,there is a great interest in investigating Viking-era sites in Iceland,especially in the place where the saga says this family finally settled.

But,back to my point...one team of archaeologists working there decided to use an electromagnetic remote sensing tool to try to locate buried structures.Now,this remote sensing tool,which as I mentioned before,is usually used by geophysicists...uh,this tool can distinguish between different materials that look the same to the eye,but have different compositions.Here’s how it works:Regular soil conducts electricity well,but walls made of peat do not conduct electricity well.So the tool sends down alternating currents of electricity and then measures how well the electric current travels though the ground in different places.Then you look at all of your data...look for patterns of electrical resistance...and this reveals where walls are located.

So anyway,the team wanted to investigate a site in Iceland that looks like the place where the old saga says the Thorfinssons built their home.And so they used this technique and found the remains of a large farmhouse there that they think probably did belong to the Thorfinsson family!Because when they dated the building,it corresponded exactly to when the Thorfinsson family should have been there,according to the sagas!Now the team is working to find other evidence,specifically personal artifacts,to show that it really was that family who lived there.Everyone had always thought the Thorfinsson house might be in that area,though probably right underneath a nearby museum...where it might’ve been damaged during museum construction.But,in fact,this Viking-era structure was located in a field behind the museum,buried just below the surface.Thank goodness for the remote sensing tool,or this house might never have been found!

二、Iceland托福聽力中文翻譯：

旁白：在考古學課上聽講座的一部分。

女教授：我們一直在討論考古文物的定位和年代測定技術(shù)?，F(xiàn)在，在一些地方，考古調(diào)查很困難，我們必須使用一些特殊的技術(shù)。例如，在冰島?，F(xiàn)在……嗯……冰島是一個位于北大西洋的火山島，大約有10%被冰川覆蓋。

男學生：……那么……在那里工作太冷了嗎？或者一切都在冰下？

女教授：呃，不，這不是問題。冰島實際上沒有樹木來支撐土壤，因此發(fā)生了大量侵蝕，特別是從高地到低海岸地區(qū)的土壤侵蝕。這種侵蝕將冰島大部分地區(qū)埋在了深厚的土壤層之下。還記得我說過的幾棵樹嗎？嗯，由于可用木材很少，冰島最早的住宅主要是用壓縮泥炭建造的。

男學生：你說“泥炭”了嗎？

女教授：是的，泥炭……這是一種輕質(zhì)的空氣土壤，來自沼澤和濕地，含有大量腐爛的有機物。無論如何，泥炭可以被壓縮和干燥，制成大而厚的塊。這就是早期冰島房屋的墻壁主要由什么構(gòu)成的?，F(xiàn)在，因為這些老房子的墻壁基本上是由一種土壤制成的，所以很難在地下找到它們……因為這些埋入地下的結(jié)構(gòu)所用的材料與周圍的土壤沒有太大區(qū)別。

女學生：那么你如何找到這些埋在其他土壤中的泥炭墻呢？

女教授：一種方法是借用地球物理學家使用的現(xiàn)代技術(shù)；

男學生：呃，對不起，如果你已經(jīng)這么說了……但呃……他們到底在冰島找什么？

女教授：嗯……是的，好問題！冰島，以及關(guān)于它的故事…呃，冰島傳奇…幾個世紀以來一直吸引著人們。這些傳說似乎是真實的挪威探險家和定居者的歷史記錄……但由于我們一直缺乏確鑿的證據(jù)來支持故事的真實性，它們似乎更像傳說。不過，總有一場抽簽，就像是對我們中的一些人的呼吁，來驗證這些故事的真實性。歷史學家、天文學家、航海家——他們都試圖找到證據(jù)，證明人們在故事所指的地方定居。我們考古學家也有……通過尋找住所、動物馴化的證據(jù)、農(nóng)業(yè)或煉鐵——任何早期定居的跡象。

男學生：酷……你是在說維京人的時代嗎？

女教授：是的，是的，就是這樣。其中一個冰島傳說講述了一些維京探險家，他們可能是第一批穿越大西洋并居住在北美的歐洲人。

女學生：北美？但我以為你說的是冰島。

女教授：我是?？础@個故事講的是一個來自冰島的維京人家庭，名叫索芬森，他們在北美定居了幾年，但后來又搬回了不遠的冰島。因此，人們對調(diào)查冰島維京人時代的遺址非常感興趣，尤其是在傳說中這家人最終定居的地方。

但是，回到我的觀點……一個在那里工作的考古學家團隊決定使用電磁遙感工具來尋找埋藏的建筑物?，F(xiàn)在，這個遙感工具，正如我之前提到的，通常由地球物理學家使用……嗯，這個工具可以區(qū)分不同的材料，這些材料看起來一樣，但成分不同。工作原理如下：普通土壤導電性好，但泥炭墻導電性不好。因此，該工具發(fā)出交流電，然后測量電流在不同地方穿過地面的程度。然后你看看所有的數(shù)據(jù)……尋找電阻的模式……這就揭示了墻的位置。

因此，無論如何，該團隊希望調(diào)查冰島的一處遺址，該遺址看起來就像傳說中索芬森夫婦建造家園的地方。因此，他們使用了這項技術(shù)，在那里發(fā)現(xiàn)了一座大型農(nóng)舍的遺骸，他們認為它可能屬于索芬森家族！因為根據(jù)傳說，當他們在這棟建筑上標注日期時，正好與索芬森家族應該在那里的時間相一致！現(xiàn)在，該團隊正在努力尋找其他證據(jù)，特別是個人文物，以證明確實是那個家庭住在那里。每個人都一直認為索芬森的房子可能就在那個地區(qū)，盡管可能就在附近的博物館下面……在博物館建設過程中可能被損壞。但事實上，這座維京時代的建筑位于博物館后面的一塊地里，就埋在地表之下。謝天謝地，有了遙感工具，否則這座房子可能永遠不會

三、Iceland托福聽力問題：

Q1:What aspect of archaeology in Iceland does the professor mainly discuss?

A.Various techniques for dating archaeological sites

B.Causes of damage to a Viking-era house

C.Evidence of early agricultural tools

D.A method for locating buried structures

Q2:According to the professor,why are the remains of old Icelandic houses difficult for archaeologists to find?

A.The remains cannot be detected by a remote sensing tool.

B.The remains are located in areas that are now covered by glaciers.

C.The houses were made of material that is similar to the soil around them.

D.The houses were extremely small.

Q3:Why does the professor discuss Icelandic sagas about Viking explorers?

A.To help explain archaeologists’interest in Iceland

B.To help the students understand the climate of Iceland

C.To compare the geography of Iceland to that of North America

D.To provide an overview of the history of archaeology

Q4:According to the professor,what kind of data does the remote sensing tool provide?

A.The approximate age of different types of buried structures

B.The electrical conductivity of the ground at different locations

C.The chemical composition of different types of soil and peat

D.The temperature of the ground at different depths

Q5:What is the significance of the building that was found by using the remote sensing tool?

A.It might have been the first museum in Iceland.

B.It might have been built with materials from North America.

C.It may help prove that a story from the Icelandic sagas is true.

D.It may be the only building in Iceland built of compressed peat.

Q6.Why does the student say this?

A.He thinks that the professor may have already answered his question.

B.He wants the professor to repeat what she just said.

C.He is sorry that he missed last week’s lecture.

D.He cannot hear what the professor is saying.

四、Iceland托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：D

A2:正確答案：C

A3:正確答案：A

A4:正確答案：B

A5:正確答案：C

A6:正確答案：A

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