Sauropod托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

Sauropod托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

一、Sauropod托福聽力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in a zoology class.FEMALE PROFESSOR:Your reading for today touched on dinosaur fossils from the Mesozoic era Today,we'll be discussing the sauropods.I think our discussion of sauropods will illustrate what we can learn by comparing the fossil record to By"fossils,"we mean traces of prehistoric animals–such as bones,which become mineralized...or impressions of bones or organs that're left in stone...Now,sauropods were among the largest animals to exist,ever. They were larger than blue whales,which are the they weighed up to 100 tons–20 times as much as elephants. Also,they were an there's evidence of sauropods in the fossil record for an So:Why were sauropods so successful?

Biologically speaking,sauropods shouldn't have been successful.Large animals–like this makes maintaining a population harder.The largest animals today don't live on land,

but and they give birth only once every few years. We also know that body heat–that...uh,well...large but for an ocean-going whale,that's not a problem;  for a 100-ton land animal,it can be.

For years we've assumed it was the abundant plant life of the Mesozoic that allowed these giants to However,we now know that,since oxygen levels were much lower in the Mesozoic than we'd So now?well,we're looking at other–we...we're-we're trying to understand the biology of sauropods,comparing their fossils to the What we've found is that sauropods were experts at conserving energy.

They had enormous stomach capacity–the ability to digest food over a long period...converting it to energy at a slower For animals with small stomachs,it takes lots of energy to constantly with larger stomachs and slower digestion,you don't need as much MALE STUDENT:Does...mm,do scientists actually know about ... and comparisons between animals that lived millions of years apart–w-well,it just seems...more like guessing.

FEMALE PROFESSOR:There's always guesswork when studying extinct animals;but we"test"the hypothesis,by then some questions are answered,which may lead to new question...For example:Let's look at one of these comparisons?

We know sauropods couldn't chew food–their skulls show they had no chewing muscles.Lots of modern animals–like birds and they need to swallow it whole. But modern animals have an interesting aid for They swallow stones...stones that're used to help grind up the food...before it's actually These stones are called"gastroliths."Gastroliths make food easier to digest,Over time,gastroliths inside the animal are ground Now,sauropod fossils are commonly found with smoothed stones...for years,they looked just like gastroliths,and were found in the area of the A recent study measured the gastroliths in modern animals–in ostriches...and the study showed that But we've been able to determine So now,we're not quite sure what these sauropod stones were used for.It could be they were Other So,the original hypothesis–that the stones found with sauropods were gastroliths–even though it

二、Sauropod托福聽力中文翻譯：

旁白：在動(dòng)物學(xué)課上聽一部分講座。女教授：你今天的閱讀觸及了中生代的恐龍化石。今天，我們將討論蜥腳類動(dòng)物。我認(rèn)為，我們對(duì)蜥腳類動(dòng)物的討論將說(shuō)明我們可以通過將化石記錄與“化石”進(jìn)行比較來(lái)了解到什么。我們指的是史前動(dòng)物的痕跡——比如被礦化的骨骼……或者留在石頭中的骨骼或器官的印記……現(xiàn)在，蜥腳動(dòng)物是有史以來(lái)最大的動(dòng)物之一&nbsp；它們比藍(lán)鯨大，藍(lán)鯨重100噸，是大象的20倍&nbsp；此外，它們是一種蜥腳類動(dòng)物，在化石記錄中有證據(jù)表明，蜥腳目動(dòng)物如此成功，原因是什么？

從生物學(xué)角度來(lái)說(shuō)，蜥腳類動(dòng)物不應(yīng)該成功。大型動(dòng)物——這使得維持種群更加困難。今天最大的動(dòng)物不生活在陸地上，

但是他們每幾年只生一次孩子&nbsp；我們也知道身體的熱量——那……呃，嗯……很大，但對(duì)于遠(yuǎn)洋鯨魚來(lái)說(shuō)，這不是問題&nbsp&nbsp；對(duì)于一個(gè)100噸重的陸地動(dòng)物來(lái)說(shuō)，它可能是。

多年來(lái)，我們一直認(rèn)為是中生代豐富的植物生命使這些巨型生物得以生存。然而，我們現(xiàn)在知道，由于中生代的含氧量比我們現(xiàn)在低得多？嗯，我們正在研究其他——我們……我們——我們?cè)噲D了解蜥腳類動(dòng)物的生物學(xué)，將它們的化石與我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的化石進(jìn)行比較，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)蜥腳動(dòng)物是保存能量的專家。

他們有巨大的胃容量——在長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)消化食物的能力……以較慢的速度將食物轉(zhuǎn)化為能量。對(duì)于胃小的動(dòng)物來(lái)說(shuō)，需要大量的能量才能不斷地消化。胃大，消化速度慢，你不需要那么多男學(xué)生：是不是……嗯，科學(xué)家們真的知道&nbsp；和相隔數(shù)百萬(wàn)年的動(dòng)物之間的比較——嗯，這似乎更像是猜測(cè)。

女教授：在研究滅絕的動(dòng)物時(shí)總是有猜測(cè)；但我們“檢驗(yàn)”了假設(shè)，然后回答了一些問題，這可能會(huì)引出一個(gè)新問題……例如：讓我們看看這些比較中的一個(gè)？

我們知道蜥腳類動(dòng)物不會(huì)咀嚼食物——它們的頭骨表明它們沒有咀嚼肌肉。許多現(xiàn)代動(dòng)物——比如鳥類，它們需要整個(gè)吞咽&nbsp；但現(xiàn)代動(dòng)物有一個(gè)有趣的輔助手段，因?yàn)樗鼈兺滔率^…用來(lái)幫助研磨食物的石頭…在它們真正成為食物之前，這些石頭被稱為“胃石”。胃石使食物更容易消化，隨著時(shí)間的推移，動(dòng)物體內(nèi)的胃石被磨碎?，F(xiàn)在，蜥腳類化石通常與光滑的石頭一起發(fā)現(xiàn)…多年來(lái)，它們看起來(lái)就像胃石，最近的一項(xiàng)研究測(cè)量了現(xiàn)代動(dòng)物的胃石——鴕鳥的胃石……研究表明，但我們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)能夠確定，所以我們不太確定這些蜥腳類石頭是用來(lái)做什么的。它們可能是其他的，所以，最初的假設(shè)——在蜥腳類動(dòng)物身上發(fā)現(xiàn)的石頭是胃石——盡管

三、Sauropod托福聽力問題：

Q1:1.What does the professor mainly discuss?

A.Comparisons between land animals and ocean-going animals of the Mesozoic era

B.Comparisons between sauropods and modern animals

C.Possible reasons why sauropods became extinct

D.New theories about the climate of the Mesozoic

Q2:2.What point does the professor make when she compares blues whales to large land animals?

A.Like large land animals,blue whales have many offspring.

B.Like large land animals,blue whales have proportionally small stomachs.

C.The land environment provides a wider variety of food sources than the ocean.

D.The ocean environment reduces some of the problems faced by large animals.

Q3:3.According to the professor,what recent finding about the Mesozoic era challenges an earlier belief?

A.Sauropod populations in the Mesozoic era were smaller than previously believe.

B.Oxygen levels in the Mesozoic era were higher than previously believe.

C.Ocean levels in the Mesozoic era fluctuated more than previously believe.

D.Plant life in the Mesozoic era was less abundant than previously believe.

Q4:4.Compared to small animals,what disadvantages do large animals typically have?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.Large animals require more food.

B.Large animals have fewer offspring.

C.Large animals use relatively more energy in digesting their food.

D.Large animals have greater difficulty staying warm.

Q5:5.Why does the professor discuss gastroliths that have been found with sauropod fossils?

A.To show that much research about extinct animals has relied on flawed methods

B.To show that even an incorrect guess can lead to useful research

C.To give an example of how fossils discoveries have cast doubt on beliefs about modern animals

D.To give an example of a discovery made possible by recent advance in technology

Q6:6.What did researchers conclude from their study of sauropods and gastroliths?

A.That gastroliths probably helped sauropods to store large quantities of plant material in their stomachs

B.That sauropods probably used gastroliths to conserve energy

C.That sauropods may not have used gastroliths to aid their digestion

D.That sauropods probably did not ingest any stones

四、Sauropod托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：B

A2:正確答案：D

A3:正確答案：D

A4:正確答案：AB

A5:正確答案：B

A6:正確答案：C

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