劍橋雅思15test4passage1閱讀原文翻譯

劍橋雅思15Test4Passage1閱讀標(biāo)題為The return of the huarango Huarango樹的回歸，主要講的是秘魯某種樹木的回歸，下面是該閱讀的原文及翻譯，一起來看看吧。

劍橋雅思15test4passage1閱讀原文翻譯

第1段

The south coast of Peru is a narrow,2,000-kilometre-long strip of desert squeezed between the Andes and the Pacific Ocean.It is also one of the most fragile ecosystems on Earth.It hardly ever rains there,and the only year-round source of water is located tens of metres below the surface.This is why the huarango tree is so suited to life there:it has the longest roots of any tree in the world.They stretch down 50-80 metres and,as well as sucking up water for the tree,they bring it into the higher subsoil,creating a water source for other plant life.

夾在安第斯山脈和太平洋之間的秘魯南岸，是一條綿延2000公里的狹長(zhǎng)沙漠地帶。它也是地球上最為脆弱的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)之一。那里幾乎從不下雨。全年唯一可用的水源位于地表數(shù)十米之下。這就是huarango如此適合在那里生存的原因：它擁有世界上所有樹木中最長(zhǎng)的根系。它們向下延伸50到80米，為樹木吸收水分的同時(shí)，他們還將水分帶到更高的底土中，為其他植物的生存創(chuàng)造水源。

第2段

Dr David Beresford-Jones,archaeobotanist at Cambridge University,has been studying the role of the huarango tree in landscape change in the Lower lea Valley in southern Peru.He believes the huarango was key to the ancient people’s diet and,because it could reach deep water sources,it allowed local people to withstand years of drought when their other crops failed.But over the centuries huarango trees were gradually replaced with crops.Cutting down native woodland leads to erosion,as there is nothing to keep the soil in place.So when the huarangos go,the land turns into a desert.Nothing grows at all in the Lower lea Valley now.

劍橋大學(xué)考古植物學(xué)家David Bereford-Jones博士，一直在研究huarango樹在秘魯南部Lower lea Valley的景色變化中所起的作用。他認(rèn)為huarango對(duì)古代居民的飲食十分重要。因?yàn)樗軌虻竭_(dá)深層水源，讓當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窨梢栽谄渌魑锴甘盏臅r(shí)候忍受數(shù)年的干旱。但幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，huarango逐漸被糧食作物所取代。對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)亓值氐目撤?dǎo)致水土流失，因?yàn)闆]有任何東西能夠固定住土壤。所以，當(dāng)huarango消失時(shí)，土地就變?yōu)樯衬?。如今沒有任何東西能夠在Lower lea Valley生長(zhǎng)。

第3段

For centuries the huarango tree was vital to the people of the neighbouring Middle lea Valley too.They grew vegetables under it and ate products made from its seed pods.Its leaves and bark were used for herbal remedies,while its branches were used for charcoal for cooking and heating,and its trunk was used to build houses.But now it is disappearing rapidly.The majority of the huarango forests in the valley have already been cleared for fuel and agriculture–initially,these were smallholdings,but now they’re huge farms producing crops for the international market.

幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，huarango樹對(duì)隔壁Middle lea Valley的居民也同樣重要。他們?cè)谒旅娣N植蔬菜，食用其種莢制成的產(chǎn)品。它的葉子和樹皮被當(dāng)作草藥使用，枝干作為木炭用于做飯和加熱，而樹干則用于建造房屋。但它如今也在快速消失。山谷中大部分huarango森林已經(jīng)被清理出來，要么當(dāng)作燃料使用，要么為農(nóng)業(yè)騰出地方。一開始，這些只是小塊的耕地，但現(xiàn)在它們已經(jīng)變成為國(guó)際市場(chǎng)生產(chǎn)糧食的巨大農(nóng)場(chǎng)。

第4段

‘Of the forests that were here 1,000 years ago,99 per cent have already gone,’says botanist Oliver Whaley from Kew Gardens in London,who,together with ethnobotanist Dr William Milliken,is running a pioneering project to protect and restore the rapidly disappearing habitat.In order to succeed,Whaley needs to get the local people on board,and that has meant overcoming local prejudices.‘Increasingly aspirational communities think that if you plant food trees in your home or street,it shows you are poor,and still need to grow your own food,’he says.In order to stop the Middle lea Valley going the same way as the Lower lea Valley,Whaley is encouraging locals to love the huarangos again.‘It’s a process of cultural resuscitation,’he says.He has already set up a huarango festival to reinstate a sense of pride in their eco-heritage,and has helped local schoolchildren plant thousands of trees.

“一千年前這里存在的森林中，99%都已經(jīng)消失了”，倫敦皇家植物園的植物學(xué)家Oliver Whaley說。他與民族植物學(xué)家William Milliken博士一起，正在運(yùn)作一個(gè)開創(chuàng)性的項(xiàng)目，以保護(hù)和修復(fù)這一正在快速消失的棲息地。為了取得成功，Whaley需要得到當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦闹С?，而這意味著要克服當(dāng)?shù)厝说钠姟！霸絹碓蕉嗫释晒Φ纳鐓^(qū)認(rèn)為，如果你在家里或者街道上種植可食用的樹木，這就表明你很窮，仍然需要種植自己吃的東西”，他說。為了避免Middle lea Valley走上Lower lea Valley同樣的道路，Whaley正鼓勵(lì)當(dāng)?shù)厝嗽俅蜗矚g上huarangos?！斑@是一個(gè)文化復(fù)興的過程”，他說。他設(shè)立了huarango節(jié)來恢復(fù)人們對(duì)他們生態(tài)遺產(chǎn)的自豪感，并已經(jīng)幫助當(dāng)?shù)卦谛和N植了數(shù)千顆樹木。

第5段

‘In order to get people interested in habitat restoration,you need to plant a tree that is useful to them,’says Whaley.So,he has been working with local families to attempt to create a sustainable income from the huarangos by turning their products into foodstuffs.‘Boil up the beans and you get this thick brown syrup like molasses.You can also use it in drinks,soups or stews.‘The pods can be ground into flour to make cakes,and the seeds roasted into a sweet,chocolatey‘coffee’.‘It’s packed full of vitamins and minerals,‘Whaley says.

“為了讓人們對(duì)棲息地的重建產(chǎn)生興趣，你得種植一種對(duì)他們有用的樹木”，Whaley說。因此，他一直在與當(dāng)?shù)丶彝ズ献鳎瑖L試通過將huarango的產(chǎn)品制成食物來創(chuàng)造一條可持續(xù)的收入來源?！鞍讯棺又箝_，你就會(huì)得到這種粘稠的棕色糖漿。你也可以在飲料、湯或者燉菜中使用它”。種莢可以被碾成粉制作蛋糕，種子可以烘培成香甜的、巧克力味“咖啡”?！八缓S生素和礦物質(zhì)”，Whaley說。

第6段

And some farmers are already planting huarangos.Alberto Benevides,owner of lea Valley’s only certified organic farm,which Whaley helped set up,has been planting the tree for 13 years.He produces syrup and flour,and sells these products at an organic farmers’market in Lima.His farm is relatively small and doesn’t yet provide him with enough to live on,but he hopes this will change.‘The organic market is growing rapidly in Peru,‘Benevides says.‘I am investing in the future.

一些農(nóng)民已經(jīng)開始種植huarangos。Alberto Benevides，lea Valley中唯一一個(gè)經(jīng)過認(rèn)證的有機(jī)農(nóng)場(chǎng)的主人(該農(nóng)場(chǎng)正式Whaley幫忙建造的)，種植這種樹木已經(jīng)13年了。他生產(chǎn)糖漿和面粉，并在利馬的一個(gè)有機(jī)農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)里銷售這些產(chǎn)品。他的農(nóng)場(chǎng)規(guī)模相對(duì)較小，無法滿足他的生活需要，但他希望這在未來會(huì)有所改變?！坝袡C(jī)市場(chǎng)在秘魯發(fā)展很快”，Benevides說，“我是在投資未來”。

第7段

But even if Whaley can convince the local people to fall in love with the huarango again,there is still the threat of the larger farms.Some of these cut across the forests and break up the corridors that allow the essential movement of mammals,birds and pollen up and down the narrow forest strip.In the hope of counteracting this,he’s persuading farmers to let him plant forest corridors on their land.He believes the extra woodland will also benefit the farms by reducing their water usage through a lowering of evaporation and providing a refuge for bio-control insects.

但即使Whaley能夠說服當(dāng)?shù)鼐用裨俅螑凵螲uarango，大型農(nóng)場(chǎng)的威脅也仍然存在。其中一些砍伐森林，破壞讓哺乳動(dòng)物、鳥類和花粉得以在狹長(zhǎng)森林地帶移動(dòng)的關(guān)鍵走廊。為了消除這一影響，他正在勸說農(nóng)民讓他在他們的土地上種植森林走廊。他認(rèn)為，通過減少蒸發(fā)降低水資源的使用，以及為生物防治的昆蟲提供棲息地，額外的林地也可以讓農(nóng)民受益。

第8段

‘If we can record biodiversity and see how it all works,then we’re in a good position to move on from there.Desert habitats can reduce down to very little,‘Whaley explains.‘It’s not like a rainforest that needs to have this huge expanse.Life has always been confined to corridors and islands here.If you just have a few trees left,the population can grow up quickly because it’s used to exploiting water when it arrives.’He sees his project as a model that has the potential to be rolled out across other arid areas around the world.‘If we can do it here,in the most fragile system on Earth,then that’s a real message of hope for lots of places,including Africa,where there is drought and they just can’t afford to wait for rain.’

“如果我們能夠記錄生物多樣性，并看到它是如何運(yùn)作的，那么我們就有了一個(gè)從這里繼續(xù)前進(jìn)的優(yōu)秀起點(diǎn)。沙漠棲息地的面積可以縮減的非常小”，Whaley解釋道，“它不像雨林那樣需要極大的面積。生命一直都只存在于這里的走廊和島嶼。如果你只剩下幾棵樹木，其數(shù)量也會(huì)在水到來時(shí)迅速生長(zhǎng)，因?yàn)樗鼈兞?xí)慣于充分利用水源”。他將他的項(xiàng)目視為一個(gè)有潛力推廣到世界其他干旱地區(qū)的樣板?！叭绻覀兡軌蛟谶@里-世界上生態(tài)系統(tǒng)最為脆弱的地方-做到這一點(diǎn)，那么它對(duì)于包括非洲在內(nèi)的許多地方都是一條充滿希望的信息。那些地方干旱橫行，而他們已經(jīng)無法承擔(dān)等候雨水來臨的代價(jià)”。

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