The Future of Management劍橋雅思10聽力-原文翻譯及答案解析

一、The Future of Management 聽力原文：

Well, I’ve been talking to managers in a number of businesses, and reading surveys about the future of management.

And what I’m going to present in this seminar is a few ideas about how the activity is likely to change in the next ten years.

It isn't a scientific, statistical analysis—just some ideas for us to discuss.

One area I want to mention is business markets, and I'm sure a really significant development will be  a major increase in competition, with companies from all round the world trying to sell similar products.

Consumers will have much more choice—for instance, food products sold in Australia might be manufactured in the USA, China, Finland and dozens of other countries.

At the same time, mergers and takeovers mean that  governments are actually losing power to major global corporations.

We can probably all think of companies that exert a great deal of influence, which may be good for consumers.

A third point I want to make about markets is that  in the rapidly expanding economies, such as India, China, Brazil and Russia, demand is growing very fast.

This is putting pressure on resources all over the world.

I think businesses are becoming more open to external influences.

In particular,  companies are consulting customers more and more before making their business decisions.

Companies are finding out what they want and providing it, instead of making products and then trying to sell them, which is the model of years ago.

Another influence is that  concerns about the environment will force manufacturers to extend product lifecycles, to reduce the amount of pollution and waste.

And in some cases, regulation will need to be strengthened.

Many societies are much more fluid and democratic, and the structure of companies is changing to reflect that.

I think we’re going to see a greater emphasis within companies on teams created with a specific project in mind.

And when they’re completed, the teams will be disbanded and new ones formed.

More and more people see work as simply one part of their lifestyle, and not the most important one, and as the workforce is shrinking in some countries, businesses are having to compete for staff instead of being able to choose among a lot of applicants.

Typical examples that will attract and retain staff are traditional ones like flexible hours and—something that has been made possible by advances in technology—remote working, with people based at their home, abroad, or almost anywhere they choose.

Management styles will almost certainly continue to change.

Senior managers will require a lot more than the efficiency that they’ve always needed.

Above all they'll need great skills in leadership, so that their organisation can initiate and respond to change in a fast-moving world, where they face lots of competing requirements and potential conflicts.

In most of the world, the senior managers of large businesses are mainly men in their fifties and sixties.

The predominant style of management will almost certainly become more consultative and collaborative, caused above all, by more women moving into senior management positions.

Many of the changes are influenced by developments in the wider economy.

The traditional emphasis of business was manufacturing, and of course the service sector is very important.

But we shouldn’t overlook the growing financial contribution of IP, that is, intellectual property.

Some books and films generate enormous sums from the sale of related DVDs, music, games, clothes, and so on.

Another point I'd like to make is that although I've been talking about companies, one trend that they have to face is the move away from people working for the same employer for years.

Instead, more and more people are becoming self-employed, to gain the freedom and control over their lives that they're unlikely to get from being employed.

OK, well that's all I want to say, so let's open it up for discussion.

二、The Future of Management 聽力中文翻譯：

嗯，我一直在與許多企業(yè)的經(jīng)理交談，并閱讀有關(guān)管理未來的調(diào)查。

我將在本次研討會上介紹一些關(guān)于未來十年該活動可能發(fā)生的變化的想法。

這不是一個科學(xué)的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析，只是一些供我們討論的想法。

我想提到的一個領(lǐng)域是商業(yè)市場，我相信一個真正重大的發(fā)展將是競爭的大幅增加，來自世界各地的公司都在嘗試銷售類似的產(chǎn)品。

消費(fèi)者將有更多的選擇，例如，在澳大利亞銷售的食品可能在美國、中國、芬蘭和其他幾十個國家生產(chǎn)。

與此同時，兼并和收購意味著政府實(shí)際上正在向大型跨國公司失去權(quán)力。

我們可能都會想到那些對消費(fèi)者有很大影響的公司。

關(guān)于市場，我想說的第三點(diǎn)是，在快速擴(kuò)張的經(jīng)濟(jì)體中，如印度、中國、巴西和俄羅斯，需求增長非?？臁?/p>

這給全世界的資源帶來了壓力。

我認(rèn)為企業(yè)對外部影響越來越開放。

尤其是，公司在做出商業(yè)決策之前，越來越多地咨詢客戶。

公司正在發(fā)現(xiàn)他們想要什么并提供它，而不是制造產(chǎn)品然后試圖銷售，這是多年前的模式。

另一個影響是，對環(huán)境的擔(dān)憂將迫使制造商延長產(chǎn)品生命周期，以減少污染和浪費(fèi)。

在某些情況下，需要加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管。

許多社會更加流動和民主，公司的結(jié)構(gòu)也在變化以反映這一點(diǎn)。

我認(rèn)為，我們將看到公司內(nèi)部更加重視為特定項(xiàng)目創(chuàng)建團(tuán)隊(duì)。

完成后，團(tuán)隊(duì)將解散并組建新團(tuán)隊(duì)。

越來越多的人認(rèn)為工作只是他們生活方式的一部分，而不是最重要的一部分。隨著一些國家勞動力的減少，企業(yè)不得不競爭員工，而不能在眾多申請人中進(jìn)行選擇。

吸引和留住員工的典型例子是傳統(tǒng)的做法，如靈活的工作時間，以及技術(shù)進(jìn)步使遠(yuǎn)程工作成為可能，遠(yuǎn)程工作人員可以在國內(nèi)、國外或幾乎任何他們選擇的地方工作。

管理風(fēng)格幾乎肯定會繼續(xù)改變。

高級管理人員需要的不僅僅是他們一直需要的效率。

最重要的是，他們需要優(yōu)秀的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)技能，以便他們的組織能夠在快速變化的世界中發(fā)起并應(yīng)對變化，在這個世界上，他們面臨著許多相互競爭的要求和潛在的沖突。

在世界大多數(shù)地區(qū)，大型企業(yè)的高級管理人員主要是五六十歲的男性。

主要的管理風(fēng)格幾乎肯定會變得更加協(xié)商和協(xié)作，這首先是因?yàn)楦嗟呐赃M(jìn)入高級管理職位。

許多變化都受到更廣泛經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的影響。

商業(yè)的傳統(tǒng)重點(diǎn)是制造業(yè)，當(dāng)然服務(wù)業(yè)非常重要。

但是，我們不應(yīng)該忽視知識產(chǎn)權(quán)不斷增長的財(cái)政貢獻(xiàn)，即知識產(chǎn)權(quán)。

一些書籍和電影從相關(guān)DVD、音樂、游戲、服裝等的銷售中產(chǎn)生了巨額收入。

我想說的另一點(diǎn)是，盡管我一直在談?wù)摴荆麄儽仨毭鎸Φ囊粋€趨勢是，離開為同一雇主工作多年的人。

相反，越來越多的人成為自營職業(yè)者，以獲得他們不太可能從就業(yè)中獲得的自由和生活控制權(quán)。

好吧，這就是我想說的，讓我們把它打開討論。

三、The Future of Management 聽力問題：

Question 31-40

Complete the notes below.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.THE FUTURE OF MANAGEMENT

Business markets

greateramong companiesincrease in power of large companiesrisingin certain countries

External influences on businesses

more discussion with before making business decisionsenvironmental concerns which may lead to more

Business structures

more teams will be formed to work on a particular businesses may need to offer hours that are , or the chance to work remotely

Management styles

increasing need for managers to provide good changes influenced by taking senior roles

Changes in the economy

service sector continues to be importantincreasing value of intellectual propertymore and more workers

四、The Future of Management 聽力答案：

31.competition

32.global

33.demand

34.customers

35.regulation

36.project

37.flexible

38.leadership

39.women

40.self-employed

五、The Future of Management 聽力答案解析

31.competition　當(dāng)聽到One area I want to mention is business markets，就要準(zhǔn)備填寫第31 題的答案。緊接著聽到a really significant development will be，注意在這之后必有答案。接下來需要聽懂major increase 的意思是“重大的增長”，再加上后文的with companies from all round the world，分別對應(yīng)題干中的greater 和among companies，因此答案為competition。

32.global　本題的難度較大，因?yàn)間lobal 讀得很快，且并不明顯。首先明確題目increase in power of large...companies 的意為“大型……公司的力量增長”。接著需要聽懂兩個在商業(yè)場景中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的詞：merger（兩個公司合并）以及takeover（接管，收購），以便更好地與后半句的意思相聯(lián)系。緊接著馬上提到governments are actually losing power to...，后面即是答案的所在處major global corporation。此處major 對應(yīng)題干中的large，corporations 對應(yīng)題干中的companies，因此答案為global。

33.demand　本題很容易錯將economies 作為答案，實(shí)際上in the rapidly expanding（擴(kuò)張膨脹）economics 這個狀語成分并不是句子的重點(diǎn)所在，后面的主句demand is growing very fast 里的demand 才是作者引出的重點(diǎn)，此處growing 對應(yīng)題干中的rising，因此答案為demand 。

34.customers　本題前面的關(guān)鍵詞external influence（外部影響）在錄音中清晰地呈現(xiàn)出來，因此不難定位到第34 題。但隨后的consulting 才是解題的關(guān)鍵，如果明確它的意思為“商議”，對應(yīng)題干中的discussion，就不難確定答案為customers。另外，本題后半部分的結(jié)構(gòu)before making business decisions 與錄音原文也基本保持一致，對于確定答案幫助很大。本題需要特別留意名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)問題，考生需要注意customers 結(jié)尾的s，只有填寫完整，答案才正確。

35.regulation　本題是整個Section 4 中難度最大的一道題目，因?yàn)轭}干的句子在錄音中進(jìn)行了很大的改裝，需要聽懂相關(guān)單詞及句型才能填對答案。首先，本題很容易誤填lifecycles，因?yàn)樵S多考生聽到extend（延長），就以為對應(yīng)了題目中的more，但lifecycles 的意思是“生命周期”，是不能與more 搭配的，從這個角度判斷，就很容易知道lifecycles 并非答案。緊接著后文提到pollution，需要注意的是reduce the amount of pollution and waste，并不是污染變得更多，所以也不能填。最后聽到regulation will need to be strengthened（規(guī)章制度的管理需要加強(qiáng)），這里需要聽懂strengthen 才能確定答案為regulation。此外，后文提到的more fluid（容易改變的）and democratic（民主的）均為干擾答案，因?yàn)榇藭r句子的主語已經(jīng)換成many societies，已經(jīng)不再討論環(huán)境問題。

36.project　首先聽到錄音里講到the structure of companies，提示已經(jīng)移動到第36 題。

題干more teams will be formed to work on a particular.... 意為“更多團(tuán)隊(duì)將會被成立去為一個特別的……工作”。在此理解之上，聽到錄音說a greater emphasis within companies on teams 后面的created with a specific project，是過去分詞作后置定語修飾前面的teams，即teams (which are) created with a specific project，整句的意思是“公司更大的重心會在為某個特殊項(xiàng)目而成立的團(tuán)隊(duì)上”，因此答案為project。

37.flexible　本題對于詞匯的要求較高，很容易出現(xiàn)不知道聽到哪里而錯過答案的情況。

首先需要聽懂workforce is shrinking in some countries, businesses are having to compete for staff instead of being able to choose among a lot of applicants（在一些國家，勞動力在縮減，公司必須為獲得員工而競爭，而無法在一大群候選人中進(jìn)行選擇）。后文提到典型的例子（typical examples）是通過flexible hours（靈活的工作時間）來attract and retain staff（吸引和留住員工），因此答案為flexible。

38.leadership　本題的干擾信息較多。首先聽到management styles 提示已經(jīng)移動到第38 題。efficiency 很容易被錯認(rèn)為是答案，因?yàn)樵谒懊嬗袉卧~more，似乎對應(yīng)題干中的increasing，但要注意整句是Senior managers will require a lot more than the efficiency，因此繼續(xù)往后聽到Above all（最重要的）they’ll need greater skills in leadership，此時可以確定答案為leadership。另外，還需注意后面的干擾信息organisation 并不是正確答案，而只是對leadership（領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力）的擴(kuò)展說明，leadership 才是最核心的意思。

39.women　本題的難度較小，因?yàn)榫湫蜎]有發(fā)生太大變化。題干中的influenced by 是一個被動結(jié)構(gòu)，錄音中同樣也是使用被動結(jié)構(gòu)caused above all, by more women moving into senior management positions。需要注意的是，題目的要求是只能填寫一個單詞，因此不要把more 也一起寫進(jìn)空格。

40.self-employed　對于第40 題來說最重要的是不要漏題，因?yàn)槭菍为?dú)的一題放在了最后一頁，因此當(dāng)聽到錄音還在繼續(xù)時，要注意翻看后面是否仍有題目。本題的答案不難被聽到more and more people are becoming self-employed，但需要注意答案的細(xì)節(jié)，因?yàn)楸绢}需要填寫形容詞，self-employed 結(jié)尾的ed 不要忘寫。

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