劍橋雅思真題10Test1-雅思寫作Task2范文及解析

備考雅思作文，需要平時(shí)多加練習(xí)、學(xué)習(xí)、積累，本文給大家準(zhǔn)備了劍橋雅思真題10Test1-雅思寫作Task2范文及解析，這篇寫作話題為：讓孩子學(xué)會分辨，懲罰是必要的嗎？，一起來看看吧。

劍橋雅思真題10Test1-雅思寫作Task2范文及解析

It is important for children to learn the difference between right and wrong at an early age.Punishment is necessary to help them learn this distinction.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?What sort of punishment should parents and teachers be allowed to use to teach good behaviour to children?

題目分析：

包括寫作中需要討論的觀點(diǎn)以及考生可能對題目產(chǎn)生的錯(cuò)誤理解。

考生需要闡釋為什么兒童應(yīng)該學(xué)會分辨是非——這就要求考生自己去判別對與錯(cuò)的概念。另外，考生需要解釋懲罰孩子背后的用意，以及為什么考生認(rèn)為這是必要的或不必要的。這個(gè)問題還要求考生舉出一個(gè)具體情景中的懲罰例子，并說明其緣由。

參考范文：

懲罰的必要性及可行的體罰方式

In this essay,I will explore the necessity of punishment for children in learning right and wrong and the various means of punishment which may be employed to meet this end.

To begin,it is perhaps prudent to point out that standards of right and wrong are almost entirely arbitrary and may differ wildly from culture to culture.For example,a child urinating or defecating on the street is frowned upon in most western countries,but seemingly tolerated,it not encouraged,in China.Further,one con extend this argument to encompass even such apparently inviolable taboos as murder or rape when considering societies such as Afghanistan or Papua New Guinea(where revenge killings form a strong backbone of tribal networks)or South Africa(where“corrective rape”is a widely accepted remedy to homosexuality in females).Also,it is worth pointing out that the very concept of punishing a child is considered“wrong”in certain progressive circles in the west,making the thesis somewhat ironic.

Regardless,punishments of various forms can,have and will almost certainly continue to play a major role in forming a child’s conception of the world and the rules by which a society must abide.To argue that punishment is an effective way of learning rules is.in itself,fairly straightforward.The child does something wrong,is punished cither through physical means or the denial of something valuable to the child(a favourite toy,the right to watch television,free time etc)and through repeated lessons the child learns,like Pavlov’s dogs,that performing the unwanted act will almost certainly result in a predictable outcome-discomfort in this case.However,the question asks whether this is necessary,and I would argue that it is not.

The method outlined above is an example of negative reinforcement and conceptualises the child as a kind of learning machine,one which must be fed stimuli in order to make sense of the external world.In effect,it negates the child’s own abilities to self-reflect and empathise with others.As Jean Piaget has demonstrated,children can,if provided with enough guidance from a suitably patient adult,come to understand the consequences of their actions from a purely theoretical viewpoint-to put themselves in someone else’s shoes-and thus internalise the reason why their actions are wrong rather than viewing it as something they want to do.but will be punished for.

As for the punishments parents and teachers should be allowed to use,the answer depends upon the culture,the teacher,the parent,the child and the social norm being broken.Each circumstance will be different,and will call for a different approach-as such,the question asked without context is essentially meaningless.However,I would state that for a child persistently using a smartphone to post inane statements on Wechat during class,waterboarding would be an acceptable punishment.

(495 words)

在這篇文章中，我將闡述懲罰對于孩子明辨是非的重要性，以及為實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目的而采取的多種懲罰方式。

首先，也許需要慎重指出的是，判斷對錯(cuò)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)幾乎完全是主觀且隨意的，它會因文化的不同而存在很大差異。例如，在大多數(shù)西方國家，孩子在街上大小便會受到指責(zé);但在中國這似乎可以忍受，盡管不被鼓勵(lì)。同樣，也可以將該論點(diǎn)擴(kuò)展到一些顯然神圣不可侵犯的禁忌當(dāng)中，例如像阿富汗或巴布亞新幾內(nèi)亞或南非發(fā)生的謀殺或強(qiáng)奸案——在巴布亞新幾內(nèi)亞，復(fù)仇殺戮形成了部落間聯(lián)盟的強(qiáng)大支撐;而在南非，“矯正性強(qiáng)奸”被普遍認(rèn)為能夠治療女同性戀者。而且，值得指出的是，懲罰孩子這一概念本身在西方特定的進(jìn)步人士看來即為“錯(cuò)誤”，這使得此篇議論文多少有些諷刺意味。

無論如何，多種形式的懲罰能夠、已經(jīng)并且將來肯定還會繼續(xù)發(fā)揮主要作用，從而塑造孩子的世界觀，形成社會必須遵守的法則。想要論證“懲罰是學(xué)習(xí)法則的有效方式”，從其自身來說，非常直觀。孩子犯了錯(cuò)誤，就會受到體罰或者無法得到一些重要的東西(如最喜愛的玩具、看電視或自由玩耍的權(quán)利等)，并通過反復(fù)教育使其吸取教訓(xùn)。正如巴甫洛夫的狗一樣，做出不當(dāng)?shù)男袨榭隙〞l(fā)一定的可以預(yù)見的后果，且這種結(jié)果往往并不美好。然而，對于這類懲罰是否必要這個(gè)問題，我的答案是否定的。

上文描述的方式是負(fù)強(qiáng)化的一個(gè)例證，它把孩子當(dāng)成一種學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)器——孩子必須接受刺激才能理解外部世界。結(jié)果，這否定了孩子的自省能力及理解他人的能力。正如Jean Piaget所說，如果一個(gè)足夠耐心的成年人能提供充分的指導(dǎo)，那么孩子便能從純理論的視角理解自身的行為后果——設(shè)身處地地為他人著想——從而把自身行為之所以是“錯(cuò)誤”的原因內(nèi)化吸收，而不是把它當(dāng)成自己想做，卻會因此受罰的事。

至于家長和老師能采用什么樣的懲罰方式，答案取決于文化、老師、家長、兒童以及正在被打破的社會準(zhǔn)則。境況不同，采取的方式也會不同。因此，不設(shè)情景的提問是毫無意義的。但是，我想說，對于一個(gè)一直在課堂上使用智能手機(jī)發(fā)送無聊微信的學(xué)生，“水刑”是可行的懲罰方式。

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