The Urban Landscape劍橋雅思4-聽力原文翻譯及答案解析

一、The Urban Landscape聽力原文：

Good day,ladies and gentlemen.

I have been asked today to talk to you about the urban landscape.

There are two major areas that I will focus on in my talk:how vegetation can have a significant effect on urban climate,and how we can better plan our cities using trees to provide a more comfortable environment for us to live in.

Trees can have a significant impact on our cities.

They can make a city,as a whole,a bit less windy or a bit more windy,if that's what you want.

They can make it a bit cooler if it's a hot summer day in an Australian city,or they can make it a bit more humid if it's a dry inland city.

On the local scale-that is,in particular areas within the city-trees can make the local area more shady,cooler,more humid and much less windy.

In fact trees and planting of various kinds can be used to make city streets actually less dangerous in particular areas.

How do trees do all that,you ask?

Well,the main difference between a tree and a building is a tree has got an internal mechanism to keep the temperature regulated.

It evaporates water through its leaves and that means that the temperature of the leaves is never very far from our own body temperature.

The temperature of a building surface on a hot sunny day can easily be twenty degrees more than our temperature.

Trees,on the other hand,remain cooler than buildings because they sweat.

This means that they can humidify the air and cool it-a property which can be exploited to improve the local climate.

Trees can also help break the force of winds.

The reason that high buildings make it windier at ground level is that,as the wind goes higher and higher,it goes faster and faster.

When the wind hits the building,it has to go somewhere.

Some of it goes over the top and some goes around the sides of the building,forcing those high level winds down to ground level.

That doesn't happen when you have trees.

Trees filter the wind and considerably reduce it,preventing those very large strong gusts that you so often find around tall buildings.

Another problem in built-up areas is that traffic noise is intensified by tall buildings.

By planting a belt of trees at the side of the road,you can make things a little quieter,but much of the vehicle noise still goes through the trees.

Trees can also help reduce the amount of noise in the surroundings,although the effect is not as large as people like to think.

Low-frequency noise,in particular,just goes through the trees as though they aren't there.

Although trees can significantly improve the local climate,they do however take up a lot of space.

There are root systems to consider and branches blocking windows and so on.

It may therefore be difficult to fit trees into the local landscape.

There is not a great deal you can do if you have what we call a street canyon-a whole set of high-rises enclosed in a narrow street.

Trees need water to grow.

They also need some sunlight to grow and you need room to put them.

If you have the chance of knocking buildings down and replacing them,then suddenly you can start looking at different ways to design the streets and to introduce...

二、The Urban Landscape聽力中文翻譯：

女士們，先生們，日安。

今天有人請(qǐng)我談?wù)劤鞘芯坝^。

在我的演講中，我將重點(diǎn)關(guān)注兩個(gè)主要領(lǐng)域：植被如何對(duì)城市氣候產(chǎn)生重大影響，以及我們?nèi)绾卫脴淠靖玫匾?guī)劃城市，為我們的生活提供更舒適的環(huán)境。

樹木可以對(duì)我們的城市產(chǎn)生重大影響。

如果你想要的話，他們可以讓一個(gè)城市總體上少一點(diǎn)風(fēng)或者多一點(diǎn)風(fēng)。

如果澳大利亞城市是炎熱的夏日，他們可以讓天氣涼爽一點(diǎn)，如果是干燥的內(nèi)陸城市，他們可以讓天氣潮濕一點(diǎn)。

在當(dāng)?shù)胤秶鷥?nèi)，也就是說，在城市內(nèi)的特定區(qū)域，樹木可以使當(dāng)?shù)馗雨帥?、涼爽、潮濕和少風(fēng)。

事實(shí)上，樹木和各種植物可以用來降低城市街道在特定地區(qū)的危險(xiǎn)性。

你會(huì)問，樹木是如何做到這一切的？

嗯，樹木和建筑物的主要區(qū)別在于，樹木有一種內(nèi)部機(jī)制來保持溫度的調(diào)節(jié)。

它通過葉子蒸發(fā)水分，這意味著葉子的溫度永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)離我們自己的體溫很遠(yuǎn)。

在一個(gè)炎熱的晴天，建筑物表面的溫度很容易比我們的溫度高出20度。

另一方面，樹木比建筑物保持涼爽，因?yàn)樗鼈儠?huì)出汗。

這意味著他們可以加濕和冷卻空氣，這一特性可以用來改善當(dāng)?shù)貧夂颉?/p>

樹木也可以幫助抵御風(fēng)力。

高層建筑使地面風(fēng)力更大的原因是，隨著風(fēng)力越來越高，風(fēng)速越來越快。

當(dāng)風(fēng)吹到大樓上時(shí)，它必須去某個(gè)地方。

一些風(fēng)從頂部吹過，一些風(fēng)繞過建筑物的兩側(cè)，迫使這些高水平風(fēng)降到地面。

如果你有樹，那就不會(huì)發(fā)生。

樹木可以過濾風(fēng)，并大大降低風(fēng)的強(qiáng)度，防止在高層建筑周圍經(jīng)常遇到的巨大陣風(fēng)。

建成區(qū)的另一個(gè)問題是，高樓會(huì)加劇交通噪音。

通過在路邊種植一條林帶，你可以讓事情變得更安靜一些，但大部分車輛噪音仍然會(huì)通過樹木傳播。

樹木也可以幫助減少周圍的噪音，盡管其影響并不像人們想象的那么大。

特別是低頻噪聲，就像樹木不在那里一樣穿過樹木。

盡管樹木可以顯著改善當(dāng)?shù)貧夂颍鼈兇_實(shí)占用了大量空間。

有需要考慮的根系統(tǒng)和阻塞窗口的分支等等。

因此，很難將樹木融入當(dāng)?shù)鼐坝^。

如果你有一個(gè)我們稱之為街道峽谷的地方，那就沒有什么可以做的了——一整組高樓圍在一條狹窄的街道上。

樹木需要水才能生長。

它們也需要一些陽光才能生長，你需要空間來放置它們。

如果你有機(jī)會(huì)推倒建筑物并替換它們，那么突然間你可以開始尋找不同的方法來設(shè)計(jì)街道并引入。

三、The Urban Landscape聽力問題：

Question 31-40

Complete the notes below.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.THE URBAN LANDSCAPE

Two areas of focus:

·the effect of vegetation on the urban climate

·ways of planning our better

Large-scale impact of trees:

·they can make cities more or less

·in summer they can make cities cooler

·they can make inland cities more

Local impact of trees:

·they can make local areas

--more

--cooler

--more humid

--less windy

--less

Comparing trees and buildings

Temperature regulation:

·trees evaporate water through their

·building surfaces may reach high temperatures

wind force:

·tall buildings cause more wind at level

·these the wind force

Noise:

·trees have a small effect on traffic noise

·frequency noise passes through trees

Important points to consider:

·trees require a lot of sunlight,water and to grow

四、The Urban Landscape聽力答案：

31.cities/environment

32.windy

33.humid

34.shady/shaded

35.dangerous

36.leaves

37.ground

38.considerably reduce/considerably decrease/considerably filter

39.low

40.space/room

五、The Urban Landscape聽力答案解析

Question 31 cities/environment.這類總結(jié)性的綱要概括題目往往給出小標(biāo)題，這些小標(biāo)題可以起到定位信號(hào)詞的作用，在讀題時(shí)需將小標(biāo)題圈出以便定位答案。當(dāng)錄音提到There are two major areas that I will focus on in my talk時(shí)，考生應(yīng)注意這是第一個(gè)信號(hào)詞，答案將隨后出現(xiàn)。and how we can better plan our cities using trees to...comfortable environment對(duì)應(yīng)試卷上已給出的信息，由此得知答案是cities或environment。

Question 32 windy.當(dāng)錄音提到Trees can have a significant impact on cities時(shí)，應(yīng)意識(shí)到題目即將出現(xiàn)，接著聽到They can make a city，as a whole，a bit less windy or a bit more windy...，對(duì)應(yīng)試卷上已出現(xiàn)的信息more or less等，故確定答案為windy。

Question 33 humid.此題的最大難點(diǎn)在于定位信號(hào)詞inland city出現(xiàn)于正確答案之后，但根據(jù)上文可以清晰地判斷出答案應(yīng)為表示氣候的形容詞，所以當(dāng)錄音提到or they can make it a bit more humid if it’s a dry inland city時(shí)，可以確定答案為humid。

Question 34 shady/shaded.此題目的定位信號(hào)詞local area出現(xiàn)后，考生接著會(huì)聽到On the local scale—that is，in particular areas within the city—trees can make the local area more shady，cooler，more humid and much less windy.對(duì)應(yīng)題目中的并列信息，可以判定答案為shady或shaded。

Question 35 dangerous.根據(jù)上述題目可以判斷35題答案仍然為形容詞的比較級(jí)，所以當(dāng)錄音提到In fact trees and planting of various kinds can be used to make city streets actually less dangerous in particular areas.對(duì)應(yīng)題目中已出現(xiàn)的信息，應(yīng)確定答案為dangerous。

Question 36 leaves.錄音內(nèi)容中提到It evaporates water through its leaves and that means that the temperature of the leaves is never very far from our own body temperature.錄音中的evaporates water through和題目信息完全一致，故確定答案為leaves。

Question 37 ground.錄音中首先提到的high buildings對(duì)應(yīng)題目中的tall buildings，因此聽到此詞就意味著答案內(nèi)容即將出現(xiàn)，隨后錄音提到...high buildings make it windier at ground level...對(duì)應(yīng)試卷上的已知信息，故確定答案為ground。

Question 38 considerably reduce/decrease/filter.錄音中提到Trees filter the wind and considerably reduce it，此題略有難度，因?yàn)槎ㄎ恍盘?hào)詞不明顯。filter的詞義是“過濾”，如果不能捕捉到這個(gè)詞，reduce也可以成為答案，或者根據(jù)錄音內(nèi)容的基本含義考慮decrease，樹可以過濾風(fēng)速或降低風(fēng)速。

Question 39 low.錄音中提到Trees can also help reduce the amount of noise in the surroundings，although the effect is not as large as people like to think.Low frequency noise...just goes through the trees...，根據(jù)題目中已知的frequency noise應(yīng)意識(shí)到其前面的單詞low即為答案。

Question 40 space/room.此題目考查了并列信息的捕捉能力，在這類題目中，不僅要注意題目中已經(jīng)給出的并列條件，還應(yīng)特別關(guān)注從一個(gè)信息到另一個(gè)信息的過渡連接詞，錄音中提到Trees need water to grow.They also need some sunlight to grow and you need room to put them.當(dāng)聽到water，also，sunlight，and后，考生應(yīng)意識(shí)到其后的room即為答案。

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