劍橋雅思14 Test1 Passage1閱讀原文翻譯

劍橋雅思14 Test1 Passage1閱讀原文翻譯， 今天中國教育在線就來為大家分析這個問題。

The Importance of Children’s Play

孩子玩耍的重要性

劍橋雅思14 Test1 Passage1閱讀原文翻譯

第1段

Brick by brick,six-year-old Alice is building a magical kingdom.Imagining fairy-tale turrets and fire-breathing dragons,wicked witches and gallant heroes,she’s creating an enchanting world.Although she isn’t aware of it,this fantasy is helping her take her first steps towards her capacity for creativity and so it will have important repercussions in her adult life.

一塊積木又一塊積木，六歲的Alice正在建造一個魔法王國。想象著童話故事中的塔樓和會噴火的巨龍，邪惡的巫師和勇敢的英雄。她正創(chuàng)建一個魅力十足的世界。雖然她自己并沒有意識到，但這種幻想正幫助她向著創(chuàng)造力邁出最初的幾步，從而對她成年之后的生活產(chǎn)生重要影響。

第2段

Minutes later,Alice has abandoned the kingdom in favour of playing schools with her younger brother.When she bosses him around as his‘teacher’,she’s practising how to regulate her emotions through pretence.Later on,when they tire of this and settle down with a board game,she’s learning about the need to follow rules and take turns with a partner.

幾分鐘后，Alice放棄了她的王國，開始跟她的弟弟玩假裝上學的游戲。當她扮演老師，指揮她的弟弟團團轉的時候，她在通過這種行為鍛煉如何管理她的情緒。隨后，他們玩膩了角色扮演，開始坐下來玩桌游。這時候，她在了解遵守規(guī)則以及與同伴輪流出手的需要。

第3段

‘Play in all its rich variety is one of the highest achievements of the human species,’says Dr David Whitebread from the Faculty of Education at the University of Cambridge,UK.‘It underpins how we develop as intellectual,problem-solving adults and is crucial to our success as a highly adaptable species.’

“形式極其豐富的游戲是人類最偉大的成就之一”，英國劍橋大學教育學院的David Whitebread博士說。“它為我們成長為有智慧，具備問題解決能力的成年人奠定基礎，也對我們作為一個具備高度適應能力的物種的成功至關重要”。

第4段

Recognising the importance of play is not new:over two millennia ago,the Greek philosopher Plato extolled its virtues as a means of developing skills for adult life,and ideas about play-based learning have been developing since the 19th century.

認識到游戲的重要性并不是什么新鮮事：兩千多年前，希臘哲學家文章來自 雅思柏拉圖就贊美它的好處，認為它是為成年生活開發(fā)各項技能的手段。而寓教于樂的觀念從19世紀就開始出現(xiàn)。

第5段

But we live in changing times,and Whitebread is mindful of a worldwide decline in play,pointing out that over half the people in the world now live in cities.‘The opportunities for free play,which I experienced almost every day of my childhood,are becoming increasingly scarce,’he says.Outdoor play is curtailed by perceptions of risk to do with traffic,as well as parents’increased wish to protect their children from being the victims of crime,and by the emphasis on‘earlier is better’which is leading to greater competition in academic learning and schools.

但我們生活在充滿變化的時代。Whitebread注意到世界范圍內游戲重要性的下降，指出世界上有超過一半的人口如今生活在城市之中?！白杂赏嫠５臋C會正變得越來越稀少，而我的童年則幾乎每天都可以體驗”，他說。戶外嬉戲由于以下原因受到抑制：人們對交通風險的擔憂，父母逐漸攀升、保護孩子不受犯罪侵害的希望，以及對越早越好觀念的強調（這導致學術學習和學校中出現(xiàn)更為激烈的競爭）。

第6段

International bodies like the United Nations and the European Union have begun to develop policies concerned with children’s right to play,and to consider implications for leisure facilities and educational programmes.But what they often lack is the evidence to base policies on.

聯(lián)合國與歐盟等國際機構已經(jīng)開始著手制定一些關注兒童游戲權利的政策，并且考慮這對休閑設施和教育項目的影響。但他們所欠缺的是制定政策的依據(jù)。

第7段

‘The type of play we are interested in is child-initiated,spontaneous and unpredictable–but,as soon as you ask a five-year-old“to play”,then you as the researcher have intervened,’explains Dr Sara Baker.‘And we want to know what the long-term impact of play is.It’s a real challenge.’

“我們感興趣的游戲類型是兒童自己創(chuàng)造的、自發(fā)進行的和不可預測的-但是，只要你讓一個5歲的孩子玩耍，那么你作為研究人員就已經(jīng)介入其中”，Sara Baker博士解釋道?！拔覀兿胍私獾氖峭嫠５拈L期影響。這才是真正的挑戰(zhàn)”。

第8段

Dr Jenny Gibson agrees,pointing out that although some of the steps in the puzzle of how and why play is important have been looked at,there is very little data on the impact it has on the child’s later life.

Jenny Gibson博士同意以上觀點并指出，雖然在游戲有多么重要重要、以及為什么如此重要的這個謎題中，有一些階段已經(jīng)得到了研究，但在它對孩子日后生活的影響上，數(shù)據(jù)仍然十分稀少。

第9段

Now,thanks to the university’s new Centre for Research on Play in Education,Development and Learning(PEDAL),Whitebread,Baker,Gibson and a team of researchers hope to provide evidence on the role played by play in how a child develops.

現(xiàn)在，由于這所大學新成立了“教育發(fā)展學習型游戲研究中心，Whitebread,Baker,Gibson這些人和一支研究團隊希望能夠為游戲在兒童發(fā)展過程中所扮演的角色提供相關證據(jù)。

第10段

‘A strong possibility is that play supports the early development of children’s self-control,’explains Baker.‘This is our ability to develop awareness of our own thinking processes—it influences how effectively we go about undertaking challenging activities.’

“很有可能，游戲推動了兒童自我控制能力的早期發(fā)展”，Baker解釋道?！斑@種能力使我們意識到自身的思考過程–它影響著我們從事有挑戰(zhàn)活動的效果”。

第11段

In a study carried out by Baker with toddlers and young pre-schoolers,she found that children with greater self-control solved problems more quickly when exploring an unfamiliar set-up requiring scientific reasoning.‘This sort of evidence makes us think that giving children the chance to play will make them more successful problem-solvers in the long run.’

Baker在一項針對幼兒和學齡前兒童的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)，具有更強自控能力的兒童在探索需要科學分析的陌生領域時，能夠更加快速的解決問題?！按祟愖C據(jù)讓我們認為，從長遠來看，給予兒童玩耍的機會會讓他們成為更加成功的問題解決者”。

第12段

If playful experiences do facilitate this aspect of development,say the researchers,it could be extremely significant for educational practices,because the ability to self-regulate has been shown to be a key predictor of academic performance.

研究者們認為，如果玩耍經(jīng)歷確實能夠促進這方面的發(fā)展，那么它對于教育實踐就至關重要，因為已有證據(jù)證明，自控能力是學習成績好壞的關鍵因素。

第13段

Gibson adds:‘Playful behaviour is also an important indicator of healthy social and emotional development.In my previous research,I investigated how observing children at play can give us important clues about their well-being and can even be useful in the diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders like autism.’

Gibson補充到：“玩耍行為也是社交和情感能力正常發(fā)展的重要指示。在之前的研究中，我曾調查過，觀察玩耍中的兒童可以為我們提供他們健康狀況的重要線索，甚至對診斷諸如自閉癥這樣的神經(jīng)發(fā)展紊亂有所幫助”。

第14段

Whitebread’s recent research has involved developing a play-based approach to supporting children’s writing.‘Many primary school children find writing difficult,but we showed in a previous study that a playful stimulus was far more effective than an instructional one.’Children wrote longer and better-structured stories when they first played with dolls representing characters in the story.In the latest study,children first created their story with Lego*,with similar results.‘Many teachers commented that they had always previously had children saying they didn’t know what to write about.With the Lego building,however,not a single child said this through the whole year of the project.’

Whitebread最近的研究包括開發(fā)一種基于玩耍的方法來促進兒童寫作能力的提升?！霸S多小學生覺得寫作很難，但我們之前的一項研究顯示，游戲性的刺激要比教育性的刺激有效很多”。當孩子第一次跟代表故事中角色的玩偶玩耍時，他們就能寫出更長、結構更好的故事來。在最新的研究中，首次利用樂高玩具創(chuàng)作故事的兒童也展現(xiàn)出相同的結果?！霸S多老師表示，他們之前總是有孩子說自己不知道該寫什么。但用了搭建樂高積木的方法之后，整整一年都沒有任何一個孩子再這么說過了”。

第15段

Whitebread,who directs PEDAL,trained as a primary school teacher in the early 1970s,when,as he describes,‘the teaching of young children was largely a quiet backwater,untroubled by any serious intellectual debate or controversy.’Now,the landscape is very different,with hotly debated topics such as school starting age.

PEDAL中心的主任Whitebread在20世紀70年代早期接受過小學教師的培訓。他這樣描述當時的情況：“幼兒教育如同一潭死水一般，不會受到任何嚴肅學術討論或者爭議的影響”?，F(xiàn)在的情況完全不同，出現(xiàn)了諸如上學年齡這樣備受爭論的問題。

第16段

‘Somehow the importance of play has been lost in recent decades.It’s regarded as something trivial,or even as something negative that contrasts with“work”.Let’s not lose sight of its benefits,and the fundamental contributions it makes to human achievements in the arts,sciences and technology.Let’s make sure children have a rich diet of play experiences.’

“不知為何，游戲玩耍在最近幾十年變得不再重要。它被當成無關緊要的事情，或者與‘努力’相反的負面行為。但我們不可忽視其有益的地方。它對人類在藝術、科學和技術方面所取得的成就有著重要貢獻。讓我們確保孩子擁有豐富的玩耍體驗大餐吧”。

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