劍橋雅思13Test1閱讀passage2真題+翻譯(1)

劍橋雅思13Test1閱讀passage2真題+翻譯(1) 關(guān)于這個(gè)問題下面小編就來為各個(gè)考生解答下。

劍橋雅思13Test1閱讀passage2真題+翻譯

READING PASSAGE 2

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 on pages 21 and 22.

Why being bored is stimulating 一 and useful, too

為何厭倦有刺激性和功能性?

This most common of emotions is turning out to be more interesting than we thought

厭倦這種最常見的情緒竟比我們想象得更有趣

We all know how it feels 一 it's impossible to keep your mind on anything, time stretches out, and all the things you could do seem equally unlikely to make you feel better. But defining boredom so that it can be studied in the lab has proved difficult. For a start, it can include a lot of other mental states, such as frustration, apathy, depression and indifference. There isn't even agreement over whether boredom is always a low-energy, flat kind of emotion or whether feeling agitated and restless counts as boredom, too. In his book, Boredom: A Lively History, Peter Toohey at the University of Calgary, Canada, compares it to disgust - an emotion that motivates us to stay away from certain situations. ‘If disgust protects humans from infection, boredom may protect them from “infectious” social situations，’ he suggests.

我們都熟悉這種情緒-精力無法集中，度日如年，事事都無法讓你打起精神。但事實(shí)證明，我們很難定義厭倦情緒，以便在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中進(jìn)行深入研究。首先，厭倦可能包含大量其他心理狀態(tài)，如挫敗感、淡漠、抑郁和無所謂。厭倦是否總是無精打采、枯燥的，或者焦躁不安、不耐煩是否可以稱得上厭倦，這些都尚未有定論。在《厭倦：一段鮮活歷史》一書中，來自加拿大卡爾加里大學(xué)的作者Peter Toohey將厭倦與嫌惡(一種激發(fā)我們避免陷入某特定狀況的情緒)進(jìn)行了對(duì)比。“如果嫌惡保護(hù)人類免受真菌疾病的感染，那么厭倦則能夠保護(hù)人類免受‘傳染性’社交狀況的感染”，作者這樣寫道。

By asking people about their experiences of boredom, Thomas Goetz and his team at the University of Konstanz in Germany have recently identified five distinct types: indifferent, calibrating, searching, reactant and apathetic. These can be plotted on two axes - one running left to right, which measures low to high arousal, and the other from top to bottom, which measures how positive or negative the feeling is. Intriguingly, Goetz has found that while people experience all kinds of boredom, they tend to specialise in one. Of the five types, the most damaging is 'reactant， boredom with its explosive combination of high arousal and negative emotion. The most useful is what Goetz calls ‘indifferent’ boredom: someone isn’t engaged in anything satisfying but still feels relaxed and calm. However, it remains to be seen whether there are any character traits that predict the kind of boredom each of us might be prone to.

德國(guó)康斯坦茨大學(xué)的Thomas Goetz及其團(tuán)隊(duì)通過詢問人們對(duì)于厭倦的體驗(yàn)，將這種情緒分成了5個(gè)迥異的類別：全無所謂，游移不定，有所期待，反應(yīng)過激，無動(dòng)于衷。這5個(gè)類別可以標(biāo)繪在坐標(biāo)軸里：橫軸由左至右，代表從低禱告的情緒喚醒程度，縱軸從上到下，代表從積極到消極的程度。有趣的是，Goetz發(fā)現(xiàn)雖然人們會(huì)經(jīng)歷各種類別的厭倦情緒，但每個(gè)人分別傾向于發(fā)展某一種類別。在這5種類別中，最有破壞性的是“反應(yīng)過激”類厭倦情緒，它有著爆發(fā)性的高喚醒度和負(fù)面情緒。而最有用的類別是被Goetz稱作“全無所謂”的厭倦：此時(shí)人們并沒做什么有滿足感的事情，卻依然放松而平靜。盡管如此，個(gè)人的性格特質(zhì)是否能決定我們每個(gè)人可能容易出現(xiàn)的厭倦類別，依然有待考證。

Psychologist Sandi Mann at the University of Central Lancashire， UK, goes further. ‘All emotions are there for a reason, including boredom,’ she says. Mann has found that being bored makes us more creative. ‘We’re all afraid of being bored but in actual fact it can lead to all kinds of amazing things,，she says. In experiments published last year, Mann found that people who had been made to feel bored by copying numbers out of the phone book for 15 minutes came up with more creative ideas about how to use a polystyrene cup than a control group. Mann concluded that a passive, boring activity is best for creativity because it allows the mind to wander. In fact, she goes so far as to suggest that we should seek out more boredom in our lives.

英國(guó)中央蘭開夏郡大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家Sandi Mann將這一理論進(jìn)一步延伸。她說：所有情緒的存在都是有原因的，包括厭倦”。Mann發(fā)現(xiàn)厭倦讓我們更富創(chuàng)造力?！拔覀兌己ε聟捑耄聦?shí)上，它能引領(lǐng)我們做很了不起的事情”，她說。在去年發(fā)表的實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告中，她發(fā)現(xiàn)相比對(duì)照組，那些由于抄了15分鐘的電話簿而倍感無聊的活動(dòng)最能激發(fā)創(chuàng)造力，因?yàn)檫@會(huì)讓人的神志游離。事實(shí)上，她甚至認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)當(dāng)在生活中主動(dòng)尋找讓人厭倦無聊的事物。

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