劍橋雅思13Test4閱讀passage1真題翻譯(1)

劍橋雅思13Test4閱讀passage1真題翻譯(1) 關于這個問題下面小編就來為各個考生解答下。

劍橋雅思13Test4閱讀passage1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.

Cutty Sark: the fastest sailing ship of all time“

卡蒂薩克”號:史上最快的帆船

The nineteenth century was a period of great technological development in Britain, and for shipping the major changes were from wind to steam power, and from wood to iron and steel

19世紀英國經歷了重大的科技發(fā)展,就航運而言,最主要的改變是從依靠風力到依靠蒸汽驅動,以前用木材造船,而現(xiàn)在用鋼鐵。

The fastest commercial sailing vessels of all time were clippers, three-masted ships built to transport goods around the world, although some also took passengers. From the 1840s until 1869, when the Suez Canal opened and steam propulsion was replacing sail, clippers dominated world trade. Although many were built, only one has survived more or less intact: Cutty Sark, now on display in Greenwich, southeast London.

歷史上最快的商業(yè)帆船曾經是快速帆船,這是一種三桅帆船,用于世界各地的貨物運輸,當然也有部分用于客運。從19世紀40年代開始,快速帆船一直在世界貿易中占據(jù)主導地位,直至1869年蘇伊士運河開通,蒸汽開始取代風帆作為動力。盡管當時制造出許多帆船,但是只有一艘被完整保存下來——那就是“卡蒂薩克”號,它目前陳列在位于倫敦東南部的格林尼治。

Cutty Sark's unusual name comes from the poem Tam O ’Shanter by the Scottish poet Robert Bums. Tam, a farmer, is chased by a witch called Nannie, who is wearing a 'cutty sark’ - an old Scottish name for a short nightdress. The witch is depicted in Cutty Sark’s figurehead - the carving of a woman typically at the front of old sailing ships. In legend, and in Bums，s poem, witches cannot cross water, so this was a rather strange choice of name for a ship.

“卡蒂薩克”號這個不同尋常的名字來源于蘇格蘭詩人 Robert Burns的作品Tam O'shanter。一個叫Tam的農民被女巫南妮 Nannie追趕,她穿著一件 Cutty Sark(蘇格蘭語意為短衫)“卡蒂薩克”號船頭的雕像正是女巫 Nannie--傳統(tǒng)帆船的前面通常裝飾看個女人的雕像。在 Burns歌描述的傳說中,女巫無法穿越河流,因此帆船采用這個名字非常奇怪。

Cutty Sark was built in Dumbarton, Scotland, in 1869, for a shipping company owned by John Willis. To carry out construction, Willis chose a new shipbuilding firm, Scott & Linton, and ensured that the contract with them put him in a very strong position. In the end, the firm was forced out of business, and the ship was finished by a competitor.

“卡蒂薩克”號于1869年在蘇格蘭的登巴頓建成,服役于 John willis擁有的船運公司為了進行造船, Willis選擇了一家新的造船廠,即 Scott& Linton造船廠,并與他們簽訂合同以確保自己的有利地位。最終,該公司被迫停業(yè),因此這艘船由它的對手完工。

Willis’s company was active in the tea trade between China and Britain, where speed could bring shipowners both profits and prestige, so Cutty Sark was designed to make the journey more quickly than any other ship. On her maiden voyage, in 1870, she set sail from London, carrying large amounts of goods to China. She returned laden with tea, making the journey back to London in four months. However, Cutty Sark never lived up to the high expectations of her owner, as a result of bad winds and various misfortunes. On one occasion, in 1872，the ship and a rival clipper, Thermopylae, left port in China on the same day. Crossing the Indian Ocean, Cutty Sark gained a lead of over 400 miles, but then her rudder was severely damaged in stormy seas, making her impossible to steer. The ship’s crew had the daunting task of repairing the rudder at sea, and only succeeded at the second attempt. Cutty Sark reached London a week after Thermopylae.

Wili的公司在中英之間的茶貿易活動中十分活躍,那時船只的速度可為航運商帶來利益和聲望,因此“卡蒂薩克”號的設計速度要比其他帆船快很多。1870年,“卡蒂薩克號首航從倫敦出發(fā),運載了大批貨物駛往中國。返航時,船上載滿了荼葉,耗時四個月抵達倫敦。然而,由于暴風雨的襲擊和各種厄運,“卡蒂薩克”號始終沒能達成主人的期望、1872年,有一次“卡蒂薩克”號和勁敵“塞莫皮萊”號( Thermopylae)同一天離開中國港口。在印度洋上,“卡蒂薩克”號領先了400英里,但在一場特大風暴的袞擊中,它的船舵嚴重受損,船只無法繼續(xù)前行。船員在海上修航的任務十分艱巨,在第二次修舵時才成功“卡蒂薩克”號抵達英國時比“塞葜皮築”號晚了一個星期。

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