托福閱讀句子簡(jiǎn)化題錯(cuò)選特點(diǎn)
2024-04-18 17:30:17 來(lái)源：中國(guó)教育在線
近年來(lái)，越來(lái)越多的中國(guó)學(xué)子選擇留學(xué)，那其中托福閱讀句子簡(jiǎn)化題錯(cuò)選特點(diǎn)？本文則針對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題，為大家整理了資料，接下來(lái)咱們就一起往下了解吧。
托福 閱讀句子簡(jiǎn)化題錯(cuò)選特點(diǎn)
在托福閱讀中，一篇文章后會(huì)有12-14道不等的題目需要考生去回答。這些題目所涵蓋的題型和回答要點(diǎn)也因文章的內(nèi)容不同而有所差異?？忌诳荚嚨倪^(guò)程中，往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)對(duì)文章理解不到位或時(shí)間緊迫而造成的低分現(xiàn)象。但總體來(lái)說(shuō)，拿捏好閱讀的題型，攻克其失分的關(guān)鍵，才是閱讀制勝的關(guān)鍵。小編為大家?guī)?lái)托福閱讀句子簡(jiǎn)化題的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)分析。
托福閱讀句子簡(jiǎn)化題顧名思義，即在原有的句子基礎(chǔ)之上，用自己的話語(yǔ)將文章中涉及到得內(nèi)容復(fù)述一遍，在復(fù)述的過(guò)程中，考生需要注意一定不要偏離了句子的主題，不能完全照搬原來(lái)的句子。此類(lèi)題型在托福閱讀考試中相對(duì)重要，每篇文章可能要涉及到2-3道類(lèi)似的題目。
托福閱讀句子簡(jiǎn)化題的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：①改變句子原意;②隨意增減原文信息;③與原文信息相反;④省略重要信息內(nèi)容。通過(guò)例題來(lái)深刻認(rèn)識(shí)一下這些錯(cuò)誤點(diǎn)。
例題：
Smart marketers should be less concerned with whether U.S. and European consumers are alike and more concerned with monitoring the variety of factors that account for potential similarities and differences. Attention to the dynamic nature of those factors will produce opportunities for the alert markerter.
Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A: a marketer who is not so smart should be more concerned with the difference of eating habits between U.S. and European consumers and less concerned with monitoring the variety of factors that account for potential similarities and differences.
B: It is not important whether U.S. and European consumers have a similar eating habit. It is the potential similarities and differences that people should be more concerned with.
C: Marketers should focus on the factors that account for differences rather than the differences themselves.
D: Monitoring the variety of foods could explain the potential similarities and differences.
此題正確答案為C，容易誤選的選項(xiàng)為D，D的錯(cuò)誤點(diǎn)在于使用了variety，并且和food連在一起，省略factor改變了句子的原意。犯了上述失分點(diǎn)中的第一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。
托福閱讀句子簡(jiǎn)化題錯(cuò)題原因
為了幫助大家高效備考托福，熟悉托福閱讀句子簡(jiǎn)化題，為大家?guī)?lái)托福閱讀句子簡(jiǎn)化題錯(cuò)題原因一文，希望對(duì)大家托福備考有所幫助。
托福閱讀的句子簡(jiǎn)化題是很多同學(xué)在托福實(shí)際考試中出錯(cuò)頻率較高的一個(gè)題型，一般情況下，培訓(xùn)老師給同學(xué)在講解過(guò)程中，重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)拆分結(jié)構(gòu)，然后根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行辨析。很多同學(xué)在實(shí)際操作中，按照老師的方法做題之后發(fā)現(xiàn)仍然在解題正確率上沒(méi)有任何的變化，因而懷疑老師講解方法的不實(shí)用而轉(zhuǎn)向字面翻譯來(lái)對(duì)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行選擇但這仍然存在錯(cuò)誤率居高不下的可能。因此實(shí)際導(dǎo)致句子簡(jiǎn)化題爭(zhēng)取率不高的原因主要有兩個(gè)：
老師在授課過(guò)程中講的解題方法和步驟更多是對(duì)于整個(gè)題型的體征，結(jié)合練習(xí)題作的高度概括，有些類(lèi)似于中學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)老師的公式講解。而受限于課堂授課的有限時(shí)間，為了更清晰地講清楚解題步驟，授課老師的授課更關(guān)注于解題方法即公式被例題的有效證明，進(jìn)而很難面面俱到，把各種可能的命題要素都囊括進(jìn)來(lái)，因此同學(xué)在實(shí)際練習(xí)中所遇到的題目與教師講解的典型例題會(huì)具有很大的差異。
根據(jù)筆者多年的實(shí)際教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，很多同學(xué)在面對(duì)這個(gè)類(lèi)型的題目的時(shí)候習(xí)慣性地會(huì)選擇按照字面意思來(lái)進(jìn)行理解，進(jìn)而根據(jù)理解來(lái)對(duì)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行辨析。即便老師講解的解題方法同學(xué)認(rèn)為正確，但在實(shí)際操作過(guò)程中會(huì)下意識(shí)地回到習(xí)慣的解題方法上來(lái)，進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致了錯(cuò)誤的出現(xiàn)。
考前的必然準(zhǔn)備
針對(duì)以上兩個(gè)原因，建議同學(xué)在實(shí)際解題過(guò)程中，在練習(xí)過(guò)程中，特別是針對(duì)錯(cuò)題復(fù)習(xí)或反思時(shí)，一定按照授課教師的要求，詳細(xì)切分和精準(zhǔn)實(shí)現(xiàn)解題方法在實(shí)際解題中的使用，關(guān)注句子成分，句子邏輯關(guān)系等;在理解老師講授方法的同時(shí)，更要明確老師講授方法背后的邏輯和理由，作到“知其然，知其所以然”。
在解題過(guò)程中，注意翻譯句子的習(xí)慣。盡量避免翻譯或用簡(jiǎn)單的字面翻譯來(lái)對(duì)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行甄別。考慮到母語(yǔ)對(duì)第二語(yǔ)言習(xí)得的負(fù)牽引的存在，即使翻譯，也盡量與句子結(jié)構(gòu)的拆解，分句與成分的拆解與選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)的方面加以平行關(guān)注。
托福閱讀句子簡(jiǎn)化題解題方法
托福閱讀考試中有各種各樣的題型，其中句子簡(jiǎn)化題是一種新題型之一。對(duì)于句子簡(jiǎn)化題，有一些題目如果句子不長(zhǎng)，我們做題的基本原則就是：同義替換。
找到原句中的關(guān)鍵的詞在選項(xiàng)當(dāng)中進(jìn)行同義替換。例如In evolutionary history, the development of language set humans apart fromthe rest of the animal kingdom.
Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. Humans evolved as the most powerful species after they are developed language.
B. The creation of human language has its origins in the language of animals.
C. The emergence of language distinguished early humans from other animals.
D. Humans and animals developed completed different systems of communication.
先來(lái)看題干：Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
該題要求從選項(xiàng)中選擇一個(gè)能夠表達(dá)原文陰影句子核心信息的句子。很多同學(xué)采用翻譯的方法做題，即首先翻譯原句，然后逐個(gè)翻譯四個(gè)選項(xiàng)。這種做法不僅浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，而且對(duì)我們的讀句子的能力要求極高。更好的做法是，首先判斷句子的核心信息。這是考題當(dāng)中為數(shù)不多的原句比較簡(jiǎn)單的句子釋義題，原句的核心概念在于強(qiáng)調(diào)區(qū)分(apart from)。因此找到同義替換，即是C項(xiàng)當(dāng)中的distinguished。但是大多數(shù)題目的原文不會(huì)是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，多數(shù)是帶有邏輯關(guān)系的復(fù)雜句。那么簡(jiǎn)單的同義替換技巧就無(wú)法操作了。如何快速解決這種題型呢?我們主要分兩個(gè)部分來(lái)解析。
其實(shí)，我們?cè)谧x原句的時(shí)候并不需要完整的徹底的攝取信息，相反，我們通過(guò)快速瀏覽，只需要關(guān)注兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)：一是原句當(dāng)中的表示程度，頻率的詞，二是原句當(dāng)中的邏輯關(guān)系。并不需要吸收所有信息，只需要快速瀏覽將所關(guān)注的信息點(diǎn)抓住即可，這樣便節(jié)省了大量的時(shí)間。
The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.
Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people.
B. Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth.
C. The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort.
D. Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is reduced in the vast areas affected.
解題思路：
句子中最核心的信息首先就是該句的邏輯關(guān)系。原句的邏輯關(guān)系可以由result from 來(lái)判斷，為因果關(guān)系。借此我們就可以縮小選項(xiàng)范圍，首先排除掉C,D選項(xiàng)。剩下的A,B兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)均包含因果的邏輯關(guān)系。接下來(lái)我們可以根據(jù)句子的第二種核心信息：主語(yǔ)，來(lái)判斷。原句的主語(yǔ)是Desertification沙漠化，而B(niǎo)項(xiàng)的主語(yǔ)是Slowing down the process of desertification減緩沙漠化進(jìn)程。所以排除掉B選項(xiàng)，A為正確答案。
將通過(guò)程度詞解題和借助邏輯關(guān)系解題結(jié)合起來(lái)，對(duì)于解答帶有邏輯關(guān)系的復(fù)雜句的釋義題很有幫助。我們看一下下面這道題目：
It is one of the most important sensations because it is translated into a negative reaction, such as withdrawal from danger.
Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. Escaping from danger is a negative reaction, but it is the most important thing an individual learns.
B. The ability to sense pain is extremely important because pain signals the body to respond to a threat.
C. Experiencing pain is one type of reaction to a negative stimulus; another type is avoiding danger.
D. We experience a lot of sensations, and the most important ones are translated into appropriate actions.
(本題節(jié)選自，新托福考試備考策略與模擬試題，群言出版社，P150，第1題)
瀏覽原句，從because可以看出邏輯關(guān)系為因果關(guān)系，并且原句當(dāng)中有絕對(duì)化詞匯most。僅僅憑借most這個(gè)程度很強(qiáng)的詞匯我們可以排除C選項(xiàng)。因?yàn)樵漠?dāng)中帶有絕對(duì)化詞匯而選項(xiàng)中沒(méi)有，那么這個(gè)選項(xiàng)為必錯(cuò)選項(xiàng)。接下來(lái)利用邏輯關(guān)系排除A項(xiàng)，A中為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。而B(niǎo)恰恰有because 這個(gè)詞，此外B中的extremely可以作為most的同義替換。正確答案為B。
幾乎每一篇文章后面都會(huì)有一道釋義題，因此考生應(yīng)加強(qiáng)練習(xí)。平時(shí)在閱讀文章，或者報(bào)刊雜志的時(shí)候不僅僅要把注意力放在讀懂原文上，還應(yīng)該注意原文的邏輯關(guān)系，培養(yǎng)根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系思考的習(xí)慣。另外，一些程度詞的存在也會(huì)影響我們對(duì)原文的精確理解，平時(shí)閱讀的時(shí)候應(yīng)當(dāng)多加關(guān)注。
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