雅思小作文怎么寫數(shù)據(jù)
2024-04-18 15:32:07 來(lái)源：中國(guó)教育在線
現(xiàn)在留學(xué)的學(xué)生越來(lái)越多，留學(xué)可以開(kāi)闊眼界，也能學(xué)習(xí)不一樣的教育體制，而且國(guó)外名校眾多，教育水平也一流。下面小編就來(lái)和大家說(shuō)說(shuō)“雅思小作文怎么寫數(shù)據(jù)”這個(gè)問(wèn)題
雅思 小作文怎么寫數(shù)據(jù)
無(wú)論是雅思小作文還是將來(lái)留學(xué)時(shí)候的report，essay，dissertation，都離不開(kāi)描述數(shù)據(jù)的技能。下面是小編搜集整理的關(guān)于雅思小作文怎么寫數(shù)據(jù)的資料，歡迎查閱。
1)占比
首先，占比要使用表示“占據(jù)”多少數(shù)據(jù)比例的動(dòng)詞。當(dāng)然，除了動(dòng)詞，一些形容詞詞組等也能表示此含義。
account for
[Cam811] Other causes account for only 7% collectively.
contribute
[Cam741] The remaining 40 units were produced largely from oil and nuclear power, with hydro contributing only 5 units.
comprise
[Cam411] On average, 11% of all households, comprising almost two million people, were in this position.
consist of
[Cam411] However, those consisting of only one parent or a single adult had almost double this proportion of poor people, with 21% and 19% respectively.
be responsible for
[Cam811] Another important reason why land becomes less productive is over-cultivation, which is responsible for 28% of the total degraded land.
represent
[Cam821] This cost decreased to only 5% of total expenditure in 1991 but rose dramatically in 2001 when it represented 23% of the school budget.
constitute
[Cam821] Overall, teachers’ salaries constituted the largest cost to the school, and while spending increased dramatically for equipment and insurance, there were corresponding drops in expenditure on things such as books and on the other workers’ salaries.
*take up/make up/occupy
用法與上述動(dòng)詞類似。
due to/thanks to/owing to
表示某數(shù)據(jù)歸于某項(xiàng)目之下。當(dāng)然，也能表示因果關(guān)系，二者有時(shí)是合二為一的。
[Cam811] A further 28% of globally degradation is due to over-cultivation of crops.
main/major/majority
表示某數(shù)據(jù)項(xiàng)目占多數(shù)比例或主導(dǎo)地位。
[Cam741] In 1980 Australia used coal as the main electricity source (50 units) and the remainder was produced from natural gas, hydro power (each producing 20 units) and oil (which produced only 10 units).
[Cam931-6分例文] We can see that in 2000 the majority of people in Yemen was between 0 and 14 years old.
minor/minority
表示某數(shù)據(jù)占少數(shù)比例或次要地位。
[Cam341-7分例文] From then on, the percentage of unemployed workforce in United States remained roughly the same- about 5% until March 99 although there were minor falls and rises in the unemployment rate.
principal
與main/major類似，表示首要，即占比最大，排名靠前。
[Cam741] Overall, it is clear that by 2000 these two countries relied on different principal fuel sources: Australia relied on coal and France on nuclear power.
remainder
表示除主要項(xiàng)目之外的“其他”數(shù)據(jù)項(xiàng)目。
[Cam741] In 1980 Australia used coal as the main electricity source (50 units) and the remainder was produced from natural gas, hydro power (each producing 20 units) and oil (which produced only 10 units).
remaining/ other
表示除主要項(xiàng)目之外的“其他”數(shù)據(jù)項(xiàng)目。
[Cam741] The remaining 40 units were produced largely from oil and nuclear power, with hydro contributing only 5 units.
[Cam741] Other sources were no longer significant.
2)倍數(shù)
倍數(shù)的表達(dá)并不限定于“xx倍”的寫法，完全可以靈活地使用詞匯來(lái)表述。
the same
表示數(shù)據(jù)完全相等。
[Cam1021] In two places sales increased by thesame small amount: 1.8-2 million euros in Denmark, and 0.8-1 million in Sweden.
as…as…
表示數(shù)據(jù)完全相等，前面加上twice等序數(shù)詞表示對(duì)應(yīng)的倍數(shù)。
[Cam131] The chart shows that high income earners consumed considerably more fast foods than other income groups, spending more than twice as much on hamburgers (43 pence per person per week) [as] on fish and chips or pizza (both under 20 pence).
equal
表示數(shù)據(jù)完全相等。
[Cam941] From 20q and 15q respectively in 1980, gas showed an initial fall and coal a gradual increase, with the two fuels equal between 1985 and 1990.
similar
表示數(shù)據(jù)近似相等。
[Cam331] We can see a similar pattern in the second graph, which shows that the number of people working as scientists and technicians in industrialized countries increased from 55 to 85 per 1000 people between 1980 and 1990, while the number in developing countries went from 12 to 20.
be matched by
表示數(shù)據(jù)接近。
[Cam741] In contrast, France used coal as a source for only 25 units of electricity in 1980, which was matched by natural gas.
*identical/equivalent
表示數(shù)據(jù)完全對(duì)等。
*resemble/resemblance
表示數(shù)據(jù)近似，或呈現(xiàn)出類似的態(tài)勢(shì)。
double/triple
表示倍數(shù)，double表示2倍，triple表示3倍，quadruple表示4倍，還有5倍及以上倍數(shù)的表達(dá)，但是一般只用double和triple。
[Cam1021] Meanwhile, in Switzerland sales doubled from 3-6 million euros.
[Cam921] This rise was particularly noticeable between 1999 and 2002, during which time the use of mobile phones tripled.
times/ fold
表示倍數(shù)。
[Cam541-7分例文] It only has 11 kilometres of route, which is more than 30 times less than that of London.
[Cam821] Insurance, which only accounted for 2% in 1981, rose fourfold to reach 8% by 2001.
3)分?jǐn)?shù)
分?jǐn)?shù)與倍數(shù)類似，詞匯稍有差異，句式完全可以借鑒。
“基數(shù)詞+序數(shù)詞”
可以表示任何分?jǐn)?shù)，注意此處的序數(shù)詞視為可數(shù)名詞，比如two thirds表示2/3。
[Cam211] The significant social changes reflected in the statistics are that over the period the proportion of British houses with central heating rose from one to two thirds, and of those with a phone from under a half to over three quarters.
百分比
一般使用百分比符號(hào)%，而不用per cent。
[Cam811] The remainder (7%) is caused by other reasons.
quarter
表示1/4。
[Cam211] The significant social changes reflected in the statistics are that over the period the proportion of British houses with central heating rose from one to two thirds, and of those with a phone from under a half to over three quarters.
half
表示1/2。
[Cam211] The significant social changes reflected in the statistics are that over the period the proportion of British houses with central heating rose from one to two thirds, and of those with a phone from under a half to over three quarters.
在雅思寫作Task1上經(jīng)常犯的兩大錯(cuò)誤
一、描述數(shù)據(jù)變化趨勢(shì)時(shí)，亂寫主語(yǔ)
數(shù)據(jù)變化類圖表(比如表格、柱狀圖、餅狀圖和線形圖)，常常需要描述某數(shù)據(jù)的變化趨勢(shì)。以下題為例：
WRITING TASK 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The graph below shows the size of the ozone hole over Antarctica from 1980 to 2000.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
對(duì)于考生來(lái)說(shuō)看清本圖中ozone hole(臭氧層空洞)尺寸的變化趨勢(shì)很容易，即整體呈上升趨勢(shì)然后中間有部分是下降的，但是在具體書寫時(shí)有可能遺忘真正變化的主體是尺寸而不是ozone hole(臭氧層空洞)本身。于是就會(huì)看到下面的語(yǔ)句：
Ozone hole rose from 1980 to 2000, although it decreased between 1990 and 1993.
上面的語(yǔ)句是錯(cuò)誤的，發(fā)生變化的主體并不是ozone hole(臭氧層空洞)而是它的尺寸，應(yīng)該改為：
The size of ozone hole rose from 1980 to 2000, although it decreased between 1990 and 1993.
二、時(shí)態(tài)混亂
在描寫變化趨勢(shì)或者是具體數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，考生往往會(huì)忽略謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的正確性。所以廣大考生一定要注意時(shí)態(tài)要用正確，句子的時(shí)態(tài)要依照?qǐng)D表的具體時(shí)間來(lái)確定。
以下題為例：
WRITING TASK 1 (劍9 Test 2 Task 1)
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The chart below shows the total number of minutes (in billions) of telephone calls in the UK, divided into three categories, from 1995-2002.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
在描述local-fixed line的數(shù)據(jù)變化趨勢(shì)時(shí)，一般的考生都能夠看到該數(shù)據(jù)呈現(xiàn)先上升在下降的變化趨勢(shì)，但是在具體書寫時(shí)卻往往容易忽視圖表上的時(shí)間是從1995年到2002年，因此本來(lái)這里描述趨勢(shì)的語(yǔ)句應(yīng)該選用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。因此，他們會(huì)寫出下面的語(yǔ)句：
The figure for local-fixed line increase from 1995 to 1999 before decreasing between 1999 and 2002.
可以看到在描寫變化趨勢(shì)時(shí)，主語(yǔ)用的是很恰當(dāng)?shù)模梢灾^語(yǔ)部分“increase”就出錯(cuò)了。沒(méi)有考慮到圖表的時(shí)間是發(fā)生在過(guò)去應(yīng)該用“increase”的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的形式“increased”。所以上面的句子應(yīng)該改為：
The figure for local-fixed line increased from 1995 to 1999 before decreasing between 1999 and 2002.
除了上面圖表中的這種情況，時(shí)間全部發(fā)生在過(guò)去，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去式。還有可能會(huì)遇到下面的這三種情況：
1. 圖表的時(shí)間是從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在并延續(xù)到了將來(lái)。
這種情況下，考生可以選用的時(shí)態(tài)有兩種，第一種一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);第二種現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。首先，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)是因?yàn)樵摃r(shí)間段包含了過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)，因此這就是對(duì)一般性事實(shí)的陳述，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)是很合理的。其次，之所以可以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是因?yàn)樵摃r(shí)態(tài)本身就是用來(lái)描述一個(gè)從過(guò)去發(fā)生到現(xiàn)在并將延續(xù)到將來(lái)的行為。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)簡(jiǎn)單，一般的考生都能夠?qū)懗鰜?lái)，如若是要寫現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有可能就摸不著頭腦了，該時(shí)態(tài)是這樣的，Have/has been doing。
2. 圖表的時(shí)間是從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在。
這種情況，考生就用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，Have/has done。
3. 圖表的時(shí)間是從現(xiàn)在到將來(lái)。
這種情況下，可以有兩種寫法。首先，可以用一般將來(lái)時(shí);其次，可以用表示預(yù)測(cè)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，比如is expected/projected/predicted to do。
雅思大作文的高分技巧
1)通過(guò)比較和對(duì)比方式來(lái)論證，這樣兩個(gè)事的利弊就非常明顯。
Unquestionably, electronic media is the fastest. A case in point is that a large number of rescue teams around China instantly rushed to the tunnel suffered from severe mudslide in Sichuan province within an hour when information was covered on the Tencent internet, while such coverage on the newspapers seems to be accessible to relevant sectors the next day.
2)通過(guò)現(xiàn)在與過(guò)去的對(duì)比方式，所寫對(duì)象的特征就顯而易見(jiàn)了。
Admittedly, remarkable transitions have occurred to WUXI. The outstanding facet seems to refer to its environment around the neighborhood. In the past, silt and debris used to be dumped by citizens, resulting in smelly rivers and streams, especially in the rural area. At present, however, with charming vegetation and greening area surrounded, living surrounding has been perfectly promoted. Another important transition is that public transport is pretty convenient. Years ago, buses frequency was so extremely low that the vast majority of people were accustomed to driving. On the contrary, not only has municipal government in WUXI launches the vast sum on the shuttle buses, subways or taxis, but also the publicity on the preferential policies motivates citizens to opt for eco-friendly means of transport.
這篇雅思大作文寫作的內(nèi)容是對(duì)周邊環(huán)境發(fā)生變化進(jìn)行論證。對(duì)比點(diǎn)是：以前居住環(huán)境的臟和臭，而變化后有了綠化和居民環(huán)保意識(shí)的改變，使得環(huán)境得以改變的事實(shí)。應(yīng)用這樣的雅思大作文寫作方法，段落的主題句能夠得到有力的論證。
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