怎樣做雅思閱讀
2024-04-16 15:21:19 來源:中國教育在線
同學們您是否也想知道怎樣做雅思閱讀,這個問題的分析和解答呢?相信你通過以下的文章內(nèi)容就會有更深入的了解,話不多說,接下來就跟著中國教育在線小編一起看看吧。
怎樣做雅思閱讀
1. 瀏覽文章的必要性
瀏覽文章是雅思閱讀的必備策略。做題時,通常先閱讀題目,然后通過題目中的關(guān)鍵詞到文章中定位,最后找到答案。但是若遇到某些題型,單純依靠定位就不合時宜了,即使僥幸做對,那也是自欺欺人。
例如目前頗有大展其鼓之勢的段落細節(jié)配對題。簡而言之,此題型就是出題者給出一個細節(jié),然后要求答題者找出細節(jié)所在的相應(yīng)段落。若用定位法,勢必整段逐行搜尋,耗時耗力,效率等同于通讀全文,更何況有時還未必能找到題干中的相同詞語,而是需要靠做題者自己去歸納。
例如“劍四”52頁30題題干“a description of the mental activities which are exercised and developed during play”,在文章相關(guān)段落中很難甄別出上述信息。還有T/F/NG題中,雖然題目順序與原文答案出現(xiàn)順序一般保持一致,但也不能完全排除順序打亂的情況出現(xiàn),例如“劍五”19頁8-13題。要做出這些題,那就非讀文章不可了。
2. 結(jié)構(gòu)閱讀法
那么雅思文章該怎么讀呢?首先,我們來看看雅思權(quán)威考官Vanessa Jakeman和Clare McDowell兩位專家是怎么說的:
“When you go to university or college you may be overwhelmed by the amount of reading you are expected to do. You will have to do a lot of this reading on your own and you will need to be able to read discriminatingly. This means you will need to have the skills required to focus in on the information that is important to you and to skim through the information that isn’t.”
按照他們的說法,雅思閱讀就是考察學生在讀長文章時篩選信息的能力,即read discriminately,知道哪些是重要信息必須細讀,哪些是無用的,可以忽略。雅思考題的設(shè)計思路不僅是為了測試考生的語言水平,更在于幫助考生培養(yǎng)起一套適合英聯(lián)邦大學教學觀念的學習方法。
在英國念文科的同學都會有這樣一種共識,那就是一學期要看很多書,寫很多essay,有的同學雖然很刻苦,整日地泡在圖書館里做書蟲,但還是讀不完reading list中的必讀書。再對比周圍英國同學,他們不見得比我們刻苦,卻很能掉書袋,寫出的essay理論功底更深。
學習效率的高低正是由閱讀方法的差異造成的。中國學生從小接受英語精讀教學,咬文嚼字,看書喜歡一頁頁地細嚼慢咽。就個人閱讀習慣而言,這種讀法無可厚非,但若是做學問,這就不是正確的方法了。而英國學生讀書,總是先瀏覽目次、摘要等信息,然后閱讀索引,找尋需要的信息,所以他們一本書通常讀一天甚至于幾小時就夠了。同樣雅思的文章,也沒必要逐字逐句的讀,而是要了解作者行文時的構(gòu)思以及寫文章要達到的目的。如果做題前就能對文章的思路了如指掌,那就好比站在了作者的高度,定位時也就不會出現(xiàn)無的放矢的碰運氣了。
有的同學也許會有這樣的疑問,雅思文章題材五花八門,行文艱深晦澀,要看懂都不容易,怎樣能在幾分鐘內(nèi),梳理出作者的寫作思路呢?對于這個問題我們知道,雅思文章的學術(shù)性雖然決定了它的深度,但另一方面也決定了相對固定的文章結(jié)構(gòu)。
因為學術(shù)是嚴謹?shù)?,在形式上它有一套嚴格的?guī)范(the established academic caliber)。就學術(shù)范疇的文章而言,其觀點可以犀利獨到,但論證必須縝密,所以文章層次結(jié)構(gòu)相比起他體裁是穩(wěn)定的。換言之,學術(shù)文章有點八股文的味道。那么我們就可以利用這點迅速掌握文章結(jié)構(gòu)繼而掌握思路了。
雅思復(fù)習資料閱讀長難句
1. The best estimates are that the temperatures will rise y 2-3℃ in this century, causing considerable problems, at a total cost of US $5,000 billion.(劍5, Test 1 passage 3)
分析:本句主句為“The best estimates are that…”; “that the temperatures will rise y 2-3℃ in this century, causing considerable problems, at a total cost of US $5,000 billion.”為that引導的表語從句,做are的表語; “causing considerable problems”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語做伴隨狀語。
2. Despite the intuition that something drastic needs to be done about such a costly problem, economic analysis clearly show it will be far more expensive to cut carbon dioxide emissions radically than to pay the costs of adaptation to the increased temperatures.(劍5, Test 1 passage 3)
分析:本句中“Despite the intuition that something drastic needs to be done about such a costly problem”為介詞短語作讓步狀語;其中“that something drastic needs to be done about such a costly problem”為that引導的同位語從句,做the intuition的同位語;“economic analysis clearly show it will be far more expensive to cut carbon dioxide emissions radically than to pay the costs of adaptation to the increased temperatures.”為本句的主句,其中“it will be far more expensive to cut carbon dioxide emissions radically than to pay the costs of adaptation to the increased temperatures.”為賓語從句,做show 的賓語,引導詞省略,it為形式主語,后面的不定式為真正的主語。
3. It is crucial that we look at the facts if we want to make the best possible decisions for the future. (劍5, Test 1 passage 3)
分析:本句主句為“It is crucial that we look at the facts”; 其中It為形式主語,“that we look at the facts”為that引導的主語從句,是該句子真正的主語;“if we want to make the best possible decisions for the future”為if引導的條件狀語從句。
4. Some are ‘thermoplastic’, which means that, like candlewax, they melt when heated and can then be reshaped.(劍5, Test 2 passage 1)
分析:本句的主句為“Some are ‘thermoplastic’”; “which means that, like candlewax, they melt when heated and can then be reshaped.”為定語從句,做‘thermoplastic’的定語,關(guān)系詞為 which; 在此定語從句中“that, like candlewax, they melt when heated and can then be reshaped.” 為that引導的賓語從句,做means的賓語;“when heated”為過去分詞短語做狀語,做they melt的時間狀語。
5. Baekeland’s interest in plastics began in 1885 when, as a young student in Belgium, he embarked on research into phenolic resins, the group of sticky substances produced when phenol (carbolic acid) combines with an aldehyde (a volatile fluid similar to alcohol). (劍5, Test 2 passage 1)
分析:本句的主句為“Baekeland’s interest in plastics began”; in 1885為時間狀語,而“when, as a young student in Belgium, he embarked on research into phenolic resins”為定語從句,做1885的定語,關(guān)系詞為when; “the group of sticky substances”為phenolic resins的同位語;“produced when phenol (carbolic acid) combines with an aldehyde (a volatile fluid similar to alcohol”為過去分詞短語做定語,做the group of sticky substances的定語,而“when phenol (carbolic acid) combines with an aldehyde (a volatile fluid similar to alcohol).”為when引導的時間狀語從句。
6. On 13 July 1907, Baekeland took out his famous patent describing this preparation, the essential features of which are still in use today. (劍5, Test 2 passage 1)
分析:本句的主句為“Baekeland took out his famous patent”, “On 13 July 1907”為時間狀語;“describing this preparation”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語做定語,做his famous patent的定語;“the essential features of which are still in use today”為同位語,做this preparation的同位語;而其中“of which are still in use today”為定語從句,做features的定語,關(guān)系詞為which。
7. The result was a resin known as Novalak, which became solule and malleable when heated. (劍5, Test 2 passage 1)
分析:本句的主句為“The result was a resin”; “known as Novalak”為過去分詞短語做定語,做resin的定語;“which became solule and malleable when heated.”為定語從句,做Novalak的定語,關(guān)系詞為which; “when heated”為過去分詞短語做狀語,在該定語從句中做時間狀語。
雅思閱讀如何提升
1. 提高詞匯量
這一點毋庸置疑,對于所有學生都是一樣的要求。雅思閱讀所考察的詞匯特點為:多、雜、有高頻、有出題套路、詞匯掌握要求低。
多:畢竟是1200字左右的文章。不同于其他科目,雅思閱讀只考三篇,但字數(shù)的壓力不小。既然是由詞匯組成的文章,任何脫離詞匯去做好題的說法基本是行不通的。雅思閱讀一句話要認識百分之多少的詞匯才能讀懂這句話?
雅思培訓官給出的答案是70%-80%, 這和國內(nèi)宣揚的某些“無詞閱讀法”大相徑庭。
BC這個要求略高,但思考這個數(shù)據(jù),BC對考生的期望可能更多的是對文章的理解,和對詞匯意思的把握。這一理念結(jié)合國內(nèi)學生的普遍詞匯狀況,筆者認為有必要多多強調(diào)閱讀詞匯的記憶。
雜:雅思閱讀涉及不同的話題,涉及到各種各樣的話題詞匯。
雅思閱讀頻繁涉及的話題是:動植物類、歷史類、生命科學類、教育類。其他相對涉及較少的話題有:文化類、科技類和科考類。可見雅思閱讀要求學生涉獵的范圍很廣,要求掌握各類話題的詞匯。
有高頻:高頻詞匯是題庫里一直考察的單詞。雅思作作工坊會給學生們總結(jié)一些高頻詞匯表,每個單詞附上閱讀里??嫉囊坏絻蓚€意思。掌握了高頻詞,做題時會輕松很多。高頻詞匯的總結(jié)來自于劍橋系列文章的每一題,總結(jié)時發(fā)現(xiàn)很多考察的單詞在重復(fù),考生要從詞匯上摸清雅思的套路。
有出題套路:這一點能體現(xiàn)在同義互換上。同義互換是雅思閱讀出題的重點,除了高頻詞之外,對同義互換的熟悉也決定了做題速度和正確率。同義互換不僅體現(xiàn)在單詞上,也有大量的詞組的互換,需要考生關(guān)注,了解同義互換的思維。
詞匯認知要求:不需要運用(非輸出),只需要認識。這一點和聽力、寫作、口語相比,在詞匯上的要求大大降低。不需要準確的拼寫和發(fā)音,更不需要去表達成口語和文字,考生需要的只是看到英文反應(yīng)出??嫉闹形囊馑?。
2. 提做題量
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