托福閱讀目的題怎么做
2024-04-06 14:36:39 來(lái)源：中國(guó)教育在線
同學(xué)們您是否也想知道托福閱讀目的題怎么做，這個(gè)問(wèn)題的分析和解答呢？相信你通過(guò)以下的文章內(nèi)容就會(huì)有更深入的了解，話不多說(shuō)，接下來(lái)就跟著中國(guó)教育在線小編一起看看吧。
托福 閱讀目的題怎么做
修辭目的題已經(jīng)做為托福必考題型，修辭目的題每篇文章考0-2題。小編分析認(rèn)為，它主要考查考生們理解作者為什么在文章中某個(gè)特別位置或者以某種特殊的方式陳述一個(gè)特別的信息。托福閱讀目的題怎么做?
1)有時(shí)要求學(xué)生確定一個(gè)段落與另一個(gè)段落之間的聯(lián)系
2)有時(shí)考查作者提到某一條特別信息的原因(句子之間的聯(lián)系)
注意：此類題目不考查整篇文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，只考查句子或段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系。
問(wèn)題形式
The author discusses X in paragraph 2 in order to…
Why does the author mention X?
The author uses X as an example of…
答題技巧
修辭目的題一般可分為以下幾類：
一、例子題
例子題一般占修辭目的題出題機(jī)會(huì)的70%, 題干中出現(xiàn)的X本身是段落中出現(xiàn)的一個(gè)例子，這類題是送分題，因?yàn)橐词窍扰e例子后總結(jié)/概述(理論)，要么是先概述(理論)后舉例子，所以答案多半是繞過(guò)例子看概述，而概述的改寫就是本題答案的所在，也就是說(shuō)哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容和概述的內(nèi)容一致就是答案。因此考生也可以用排除法選答案。
如：OG Title: ARTISANS AND INDUSTRIALIZATION
Paragraph 4
The first generation to experience these changes did not adopt the new attitudes easily. The factory clock became the symbol of the new work rules. One mill worker who finally quit complained revealingly about “obedience to the ding-dong of the bell——just as though we are so many living machines.” With the loss of personal freedom also came the loss of standing in the community…
4. In paragraph 4, the author includes the quotation from a mill worker in order to
○ support the idea that it was difficult for workers to adjust to working in factories
○ to show that workers sometimes quit because of the loud noise made by factory machinery
○ argue that clocks did not have a useful function in factories
○ emphasize that factories were most successful when workers revealed their complaints
分析：此題中我們根據(jù)mill worker定位，能定位到原文對(duì)應(yīng)內(nèi)容為One mill worker who finally quit complained revealingly about “obedience to the ding-dong of the bell——just as though we are so many living machines”, 繞過(guò)例子讀理論，理論“The first generation to experience these changes did not adopt the new attitudes easily. The factory clock became the symbol of the new work rules.”在例子前面，根據(jù)此理論，我們即可以選出正確答案為個(gè)選項(xiàng)。
如：OG Title: AGGRESSION
Paragraph 5
The Psychodynamic Approach. Theorists adopting the psychodynamic approach hold that inner conflicts are crucial for understanding human behavior, including … The Freudian perspective, in a sense, see us as “steam engines.” By holding in rather than venting “steam,” we set the stage for future explosions. Pent-up aggressive impulses demand outlets. They may be expressed toward parents in indirect ways…
7. Freud describes people as steam engines in order to make the point that people
○ deliberately build up their aggression to make themselves stronger
○ usually release aggression in explosive ways
○ must vent their aggression to prevent it from building up
○ typically lose their aggression if they do not express it.
分析：此題中，我們根據(jù)Freud和steam engines定位，原文對(duì)應(yīng)內(nèi)容為The Freudian perspective, in a sense, see us as “steam engines.” 繞過(guò)此例子，定位理論，原文中理論“By holding in rather than venting “steam,” we set the stage for future explosions.”在例子之后，根據(jù)此例子，我們可以確定答案為第三個(gè)選項(xiàng)。
如：OG Title: EARLY CINEMA
Paragraph 2
These Kinetoscope arcades were modeled on phonograph parlors, which had proven successful for Edison several years earlier. In the phonograph parlors, customers listened to recordings through individual ear tubes, moving from one machine to the next to hear different recorded speeches or pieces of music. The kinetoscopes functioned in a similar way…
2. The author discusses phonograph parlors in paragraph 2 in order to
○ explain Edison’s financial success
○ describe the model used to design Kinetoscope parlors
○ contrast their popularity to that of Kinetoscope parlors
○ illustrate how much more technologically advanced Kinetoscope parlors were
分析：此題中，我們根據(jù)phonograph parlors定位，原文對(duì)應(yīng)內(nèi)容為These Kinetoscope arcades were modeled on phonograph parlors, which had proven successful for Edison several years earlier. In the phonograph parlors, customers listened to recordings through individual ear tubes, moving from one machine to the next to hear different recorded speeches or pieces of music. 繞過(guò)此例子，定位理論，原文中理論“The kinetoscopes functioned in a similar way…”在例子之后，根據(jù)此例子，我們可以確定答案為第二個(gè)選項(xiàng)。
托福閱讀成績(jī)停滯不前怎么辦
1、使托福閱讀技巧成為自己的
托福閱讀在內(nèi)容上難度降低，但是通過(guò)題型變化增加難度，因此閱讀理解部分并不需要過(guò)于擔(dān)心，關(guān)鍵是了解題型。
托福閱讀題型繁多，包括圖表題、篇章總結(jié)題(從給出的選項(xiàng)中選擇能夠概括文章內(nèi)容的句子)、詞匯題(在一定的上下文中)、指代關(guān)系題、簡(jiǎn)化句子題、插入文本題、事實(shí)信息題、推斷題、修辭目的題、以及否定排除題等。
很多考生在?？嫉臅r(shí)候都會(huì)思考，本題是什么題型，屬于哪種答題方法?答題方法是什么應(yīng)該如何解題?此類考生往往得不到，原因是答題技巧不夠嫻熟。要做到在讀過(guò)題目后馬上辨別出此類題型，并能直接對(duì)應(yīng)方法答題，而并非用更多的時(shí)間去思考解題方法和題型。這樣才能將所學(xué)到的知識(shí)融會(huì)貫通，才能成為自己的知識(shí)。
2、仔細(xì)思考再鎖定托福閱讀答案
很多學(xué)生在做題的時(shí)候往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)這樣的情況，排除掉兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)，剩下兩個(gè)隨便選一個(gè)。這種方法確實(shí)會(huì)提高蒙題的準(zhǔn)確率，但是如果選擇了錯(cuò)誤那個(gè)答案，實(shí)際上是浪費(fèi)了考試的寶貴時(shí)間。很多考生在做練習(xí)時(shí)，只要看到正確答案，便知道自己錯(cuò)在哪了，這就是很明顯粗心的錯(cuò)誤。
所以寧可多浪費(fèi)半分鐘，也要好好思考題目，拿到分?jǐn)?shù)。有些題目，枝干信息太多，但都是干擾項(xiàng)。從應(yīng)試的角度來(lái)說(shuō)，通篇細(xì)讀太費(fèi)時(shí)間。正確的做法應(yīng)該是從選項(xiàng)中挖掘一下方向。如果有幾項(xiàng)答案出現(xiàn)自相矛盾，或意思明顯相反，可以直接排除;剩下的就是對(duì)模糊的選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行確認(rèn)，回到正文中細(xì)讀相關(guān)信息確認(rèn)后就很省力。一般情況下，排除法是比較容易培養(yǎng)的套路，答題快速且準(zhǔn)確率較高。
托福閱讀習(xí)慣養(yǎng)成的技巧
一，高頻詞匯的整理。
若想自己的閱讀速度提升，有一個(gè)為主要的因素就是詞匯。當(dāng)考生們備考托福過(guò)程里，同樣屬于一個(gè)詞匯不斷累積的過(guò)程，但是當(dāng)積累詞匯時(shí)，大家同樣要學(xué)著怎么整理這些詞匯，尤其是針對(duì)有的容易在閱讀文章中容易在文章出現(xiàn)的高頻詞匯，對(duì)其加以完全的掌握和記憶，這將直接影響你對(duì)句子的理解。
二，提升句型和語(yǔ)法。
考生們當(dāng)托?？荚嚨木毩?xí)里都可以感受到，當(dāng)把語(yǔ)法題取消以后，大部分的語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容知識(shí)點(diǎn)都已完全的融入到了閱讀和聽(tīng)力的一些題目中。而要應(yīng)對(duì)好這些題目，重要的即是對(duì)好句子的結(jié)構(gòu)分析。所謂句子結(jié)構(gòu)，把主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)部分，定狀補(bǔ)修飾成分找到?？此坪?jiǎn)單，但當(dāng)處理時(shí)卻同樣有一定的難度，尤其是當(dāng)處理有的復(fù)雜句的時(shí)候，如何能完全分析出句型結(jié)構(gòu)，對(duì)于閱讀速度的提升是很有幫助的。
三，閱讀理解的方法。
在閱讀的過(guò)程中，很多同學(xué)都會(huì)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)問(wèn)題：認(rèn)為自己在詞匯和語(yǔ)法上都是有基礎(chǔ)的，但是，想提升閱讀速度就顯得相當(dāng)困難。那么，在此要建議你，不妨可以去調(diào)整一下自己的閱讀方法了。大部分考生當(dāng)閱讀時(shí)，不斷的習(xí)慣在文章完全理解后，再開(kāi)始答題，如此是會(huì)導(dǎo)致時(shí)間的緊張。同時(shí)還要提醒大家，作為一門語(yǔ)言考試，托?？疾斓闹饕€是大家的答題能力，而不是閱讀能力。所以，不必清晰的了解全文的每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。建議大家的閱讀理解方式是，清晰閱讀文章段落的第1、2句，也就是段落主旨大意，而后快速瀏覽其余部分。通過(guò)這樣的方式閱讀，既能加快閱讀速度，又能對(duì)于文章的結(jié)構(gòu)思路更有把握。
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